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Buddhism part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Buddha’s original name

A

Siddhartha Guatama

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2
Q

Give the Buddha’s family tree

A

Parents: King Suddhodana and Queen Mayadeui
Wife: Yasodhana
Son: Rhula

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3
Q

How long ago was the Buddha born and where was he born

A

2,500 years ago and was born in Lumbini in Nepal

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4
Q

Give a key quote about Buddhism from the Buddha

A

“I teach about suffering its origin, cessation and the path to reach this. Thats all I teach”

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5
Q

Describe the Buddha’s childhood

A

When he was born a wise man prophesied that if he ever saw suffering he would become a religious leader instead of a king. His father decided that he must never see suffering so he decreed that Siddhattha must never go outside the royal palace and its grounds.​

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6
Q

How old was the Buddha when he got married

A

16

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7
Q

What happened when the Buddha left his palace for the first time

A

He saw the four sights

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8
Q

What are the four sights

A
  1. An old man
  2. A sick person
  3. A corpse
  4. A holy person
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9
Q

What did Siddattha do after seeing the four sights

A

He decided to leave home and become a Sadhu (a holy man) in order to seek a cure for the worlds suffering

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10
Q

What events occurred in Siddatthas search for the truth

A

He searched for six years and spent a lot of time with the five ascetics who were group of monks who believed that if they ate and drank as little as possible and spent a lot of time thinking they would come to understand the meaning of life. Siddhattha found that this did not work for him. So he left the monks and travelled on.

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11
Q

Where was the Buddha enlightened

A

Bodh Gaya

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12
Q

What were the events of the Buddha’s enlightenment

A
  • The Buddha sat under a pipal tree for 46 days thinking deeply and paying no attention to the world around him
  • But Mara , the evil one, tried to distract him by:
    Tried to tempt him with his beautiful daughters.​
    Sent storms and armies to frighten him.​
    Tried to ensnare Siddhartha in his own ego by appealing to his pride.​
    ALL FAILED.
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13
Q

What happened when the Buddha was enlightened

A
  • During his meditation he realised that he understood the answers to his questions. - -Buddhists say that he became enlightened.​
  • Siddhartha called upon the Earth Goddess to be his witness at which point he became ENGLIGHTENED.​

THE BUDDHA- he who is awake.

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14
Q

What happened after the Buddha became enlightened

A

The Buddha went to a Deer Park at Sarnath and taught the five ascetics, They became his first disciples starting the SANGHA.

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15
Q

What is the Stupa

A

It is a pilgrimage site in the Deer Park and is visited by many Buddhists, it is where the Buddhists remains are placed

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16
Q

Is the Buddha a god

A

NO

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17
Q

Give a summary of Siddatthas enlightenment

A

Sits under tree, tempted my mara and his daughters, calls the earth as witness, ENLIGHTENMENT!

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18
Q

What were the Buddha’s last words

A

“Impermanent are all things; strive on with awareness.”​

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19
Q

What is The Dhamma

A

Means the law of life or key teachings of the Buddha

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20
Q

What are the three aspects of the Dhamma

A
  • 3 universal truths
  • 4 noble truths
  • 8 fold path
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21
Q

What are the 3 universal truths

A
  1. ANICCA: everything changes
  2. ANATTA: nothing is fixed (especially the human soul, anatta literally means no soul)
  3. DUKKHA: life is unsatisfactory/suffering
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22
Q

What are the four noble truths

A
  1. DUKKHA: all life involves suffering
  2. SAMUDAYA: suffering comes from craving (tahna)
  3. NIRVANA: if craving ceases, suffering will cease
  4. MAGGA: to acheive this follow the middle way - don’t take hings to extremes and follow the eightfold path
23
Q

What are the types of buddhism

A

Main types:
-Theravada
- Mahayana

  • Vajrayana - Tibetan
    Also:
  • Zen
  • Pureland
  • The West
24
Q

Explain Pratītyasamutpāda

A
  • Translated to Dependent origination
  • It is the principle that nothing has an independent origin. Instead, everything is dependent for its origin on something else.
  • The principle is applied in the twelve links of dependent origination, which descibes the chain of causes which results in rebirth and dukkha
  • By breaking the chain Nibbana can be obtained
25
What are the 12 links that are shown in the Wheel of Life
1. IGNORANCE: a blind man 2. Start of KARMA: a potter 3. CONSCIENCENESS: a monkey climbing a tree 4. MIND % BODY: a boat with passengers 5. 6 SENSES: an empty house with 6 openings (the 5 senses and the mind) 6. CONTACT: a couple embracing 7. FEELING: a man with an arrow in his eye 8. CRAVING: a woman offering a drink to a man 9. CLINGING: a man gathering fruit, acting on cravings makes attachment stronger 10. EXISTENCE: a pregnant woman 11. BIRTH: a woman giving birth 12. DEATH: a dead body
26
What is thee wheel of life called
Samsara
27
Give a summary of the first noble truth
There are three types of suffering: - Painful experiences (dukkha-dukkha) - Change (viparinama- dukkha) - All pervasive suffering (sankhara-dukka) The Mahayana buddhist idea of Tathagatagarbha which means everyone can achieve freedom from suffering
28
Outline a story which includes the first noble truth
- Kisa Gotami’s son died and went to the Buddha to plead his to bring her son back to life. ​ - The Buddha asked Kisa Gotami to bring him a mustard seed from a house where no one had lost a family member.​ - Kisa Gotami finally came to realise that there is no one in the world who had never lost a family member to death. She now understood that death is inevitable and a natural part of life.
29
Give a summary of the second noble truth
- Suffering comes from craving (tahna) - People often think life is unsatisfactory (samudaya) and have cravings for non-essential things (tahna) - The root of all tahna comes from the 3 poisons
30
What are the three poisons
- Lobha: attachment/greed (rooster) - Dosa: aggression/anger/hatred (snake) - Mona: ignorance/stupidity (pig) The three poisons keep samsara going
31
What are the three antidotes
- The antidote for attachment is to release the tight fist of clinging, and to acknowledge how things are in this moment. ​ - The antidote for aversion/aggression is to act with compassion toward ourselves and others - The antidote to ignorance is to cultivate wisdom, insight, and right understanding.
32
Explain the third noble truth
- Nirvana literally means ‘extinction’ or suffering out of a flame – in this case, the extinction of the three poisons. There are two types of nirvana: - Nirvana DURING LIFE: someone who has experienced nirvana in their lifetime (nirvana with remainder) - Nirvana AFTER DEATH: the experience of nirvana for someone after their death who has escaped the cycle (nirvana without remainder)
33
Explain the fourth noble truth
"Don't be extreme but follow the eightfold path"
34
Describe thee eightfold path
1. Right understanding (PANNA wisdom) 2. Right intention (PANNA wisdom) 3. Right speech (SILA ethics) 4. Right action (SILA ethics) 5. Right livelihood (SILA ethics) 6. Right effort (SAMADHI meditation) 7. Right mindfulness (SAMADHI meditation) 8. Right meditation (SAMADHI meditation)
35
What are the Theravada views on the four noble truths
​The Theravada tradition regards insight in the four truths as liberating in itself. This liberation can be attained in one single moment, when the four truths are understood together.​ Within the Theravada tradition, great emphasis is placed upon studying the four noble truths and put them into practice.
36
What are the Mahayana views on the four noble truths
The four truths are less prominent in the Mahayana traditions, which emphasize insight into sunyata and the Bodhisattva-path as a central elements in their teachings.
37
What branch of Buddhism is becoming an Arhat
Theravada buddhist
38
What is an arahant
Arhat means the one who is worthy of respect because they have overcome the 3 poisons and followed the eightfold path
39
What branch of Buddhism is becoming an Bodhisattva
Mahayana Buddhists
40
What is a Bodhisattva
Bodhisattva means "enlightened being" or "Buddha to be " this is someone who delays their own enlightenment show compassion for others and lead them to enlightenment
41
What are the four stages to becoming a Bodhisattva
1. Wanting to be a Bodhisattva 2. Making a vow 3. Practicing the six paramitas 4. Finally achieving Buddhahood
42
What are the three jewels
1. The Buddha (yellow jewel) 2. The Dhamma (blue jewel) 3. The Sangha (red jewel)
43
What is the Sangha
The community of those who have attained enlightenment. Also used more broadly to refer to the community of practicing Buddhists
44
What branch of Buddhism is the five khandas an important idea
Theravada
45
What are the five Khandas
1. Form 2. Perception 3. Feelings 4. Consciousness 5. Mental formation
46
Explain the five Khandas
They are described as being like five heaps of sand, when someone is born they come together and when someone dies they fall apart
47
What are the four important ideas in Mahayana Buddhism
1. Sunyata = emptiness 2. Buddha Nature = the ability to be enlightened 3. Tathagatagarbha = Everything has Buddha Nature, it is often described as a seed, embryo or potentiality within each individual to be developed.​ 4. Bodhisattva = someone who puts off their own escape from Samsara to help others
48
Give a quote that explains the sunyata concept
‘Body is nothing more than emptiness, emptiness is nothing more than body.’
49
What are the six paramitas
Generosity, morality, energy, patience, meditation and wisdom
50
What are the five precepts
1. Abstain from taking life 2. Abstain from taking what is not freely given 3. refrain from the misuse of the senses 4. abstain from the wrong speech 5. abstain from clouding the mind
51
What is Karuna, kamma and metta
Karuna: compassion Kamma: ypur action will effect your future life Metta: loving kindness, "All living things are worthy of loving-kindness”
52
Give three facts about Pureland Buddhism
1. A branch within Mahayana Buddhism.​ 2. Believe that it is possible to enter ‘The Pure Land’ a realm existing in the primordial universe outside of ordinary reality.​ 3. This is ‘Pure Land’ Buddhism’s interpretation of enlightenment: the destiny humans should strive for
53
Summarise the life of Thich Nhat Hanh
- Born in Vietnam in 1926, he entered a Buddhist monastery at age 16 and was fully ordained as a monk in 1949. (zen buddhist) - He envisioned a kind of Buddhism that could respond to the needs of society, becoming a prominent teacher and social activist in Vietnam. - He was exiled from Vietnam for his activism and played a key role in introducing mindfulness to the West, establishing the Plum Village Tradition, - He is known for his teachings on mindfulness, peace, and the importance of living in the present moment. - He died in 2022 at the age of 95.
54
Give a quote about the three jewels
"I take refuge in the Buddha, Dhamma, the Sangha"

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