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r.s aqa > buddhism beliefs > Flashcards

buddhism beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Buddhism

A

A religion founded 2500 years ago by Siddhartha Gautama

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2
Q

What is a Buddha

A

A title given to someone who has achieved enlightenment

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3
Q

Facts about “the Buddha”

A
  • His name was Siddhartha Guatama
    -Became known as the Buddha after he was enlightened
    “the enlightened one”
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4
Q

What is the meaning of being a Buddha?

A

-Someone who has attained great wisdom and
-Understanding through their own efforts

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5
Q

Where was Siddhartha Born?

A

-Lumbini, southern Nepal
-Prince

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6
Q

Story of Siddhartha’s birth

A
  • Queen Maya has a dream that a white elephant came from heaven and entered her womb
    -Told her she would give birth to a holy child
    -When he was born he would achieve perfect wisdom
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7
Q

How was Siddhartha born?

A
  • She went to Lumbini Garden, and gave birth to her son.
    -He could immediately walk and talk without any support
    -Walked seven steps and a lotus flower sprang up from the earth beneath him
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8
Q

Siddhartha birth quote

A

“no further rebirths have I to endue for this is my last body”

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9
Q

Siddhartha Prophecy:

A
  • He would either become a great king or a great holy man
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10
Q

Siddhartha’s life

A

His father was determined that Siddhartha would follow in his footsteps and become a great king
-Protect Siddhartha from pain, sadness, disappointment or suffering
-Didn’t want his son to seek religion and become a holy man

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11
Q

Four sights:

A
  • Old age
    -Illness
    -Death
    -Holy man
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12
Q

Realisation after four sights:

A

-Death came to everyone, everyone was bound to grow older, and go through suffering
-He was inspired to be like this holy man and to become a wandering truth seeker

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13
Q

Why did Siddhartha leave his possessions before leaving?

A
  • He was letting go of the things that he thought were keeping him ignorant. Taught him that “letting go was important to reaching enlightenment”
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14
Q

What does it mean to be ascetic?

A
  • To live a very simple life with few possessions and few pleasures
    -Practise self-discipline, requiring pain to focus and train their minds
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15
Q

What did Siddhartha learn after becoming an ascetic?

A
  • He learnt discipline and willpower
    -The “middle way”
    -How to meditate
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16
Q

Why was the meeting at River Nairanjaana important?

A
  • The turnover point from asceticism and his realisation that the answer is not extreme poverty or richness but the middle way
    -Shows compassion of the girl
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17
Q

Three watches of the night:

A

-Siddhartha gained knowledge of all his previous lives
-He came to understand the repeating cycle of life, death and rebirth
-He understood why suffering happened and how to overcome it

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18
Q

Enlightenment

A

-Action or state of attaining or having attained spiritual knowledge or insight
-Awareness which frees a person from the cycle of rebirth

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19
Q

Path to enlightenment:
Siddhartha

A
  • Has lived in luxury and extreme poverty
    -Decides to sit and meditate under fig tree in Bodh Gaya
    -Meditates for 49 days
    -Demon King Mara tries to stop Siddhartha from achieving enlightenment by distracting him from his meditation
    -Mara gives up and tells Siddhartha nobody would witness his enlightenment
    -He touches the ground (# touch wood) at moment of enlightenment and the earth is his witness
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20
Q

Meditation quote:

A

“Not until I attain supreme enlightenment will I give up this seat of meditation”

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21
Q

Temptations of Mara and what they respresent:

A
  • Sent his daughters (lust)
  • Sent his army (battles)
  • Mara himself tries to attack him
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22
Q

Importance of conquer of Mara

A
  • Shows the importance of discipline and how Siddhartha was able to focus
  • Shows if you don’t give in to temptations and distractions, you’ll be happy (arrows turning to flowers)
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23
Q

Earth is Siddhartha’s witness

A

Shows he is honest and fair

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24
Q

The 3 refuges/ jewels

A

-Buddha
-Dhamma
-Sangha

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25
Q

What is the dhamma?

A
  • Passed down word of moth from Buddha to his students and from students to their students…
    -Eventually written into sutras
    -Buddha did not invent Dhamma, always existed but he was the first to be awakened by it
    -Has to be studied and practised, cannot be taught to you
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26
Q

What does the dhamma contain

A

-Truth about nature of existence
-Path of training needed to reach point where you are ready for enlightenment
-Practical tips
-Rules
-Reminder that reality is our greatest teacher and every difficult experience you have to face in life is a lesson to be learnt

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27
Q

Point of the 3 refuges

A

Places to take comfort in, things that will offer safety from suffering

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28
Q

Sangha

A

Monastic communities of monks and nuns across the world
-Encouraging to know that ordinary people have reached wisdom and compassion, not just the Buddha
-Sangha can provide support, encouragement and friendship

29
Q

Dependent arising

A

-Paticcasamupada
Everything is dependent on other things
Nothing is permanent and everything is always changing
- When this is, that is
-From the arising of this comes from the arising of that
It is a cycle as a future effect could become a cause of another future effect

30
Q

Tibetan wheel of life

A

An image that symbolises samsara, found in Tibetan Buddhist monasteries.
- Illustrates the process of dependant arising in relation to human life, death and rebirth

31
Q

Letting go quote Buddha:

A

“letting go was important to reaching enlightenment”

32
Q

Three things Siddhartha gives up

A
  • Hair/ possessions
  • His family/ life
  • Food
33
Q

Enlightenment definition

A

Awareness which frees a person from the cycle of rebirth

34
Q

three key things about Siddhartha

A
  • Holy
  • Curious and questioned life
  • Empathetic- gave up riches trying to find solution to suffering
35
Q

12 links around outside the wheel

A
  • Buddhists reaching about rebirth. 12th link (old age +death) leads directly into first link (ignorance)
36
Q

Link between craving and feeling

A

When someone has unpleasant feeling, need to escape, when have pleasant feeling, want to be attached to it

37
Q

Three Marks of Existence
How did Buddha come to see this

A
  • Buddha sat under a tree and meditated
  • Saw the circle of life around hi. Everything seemed beautiful.
    -Despite all of this there was so much suffering.
38
Q

Three marks of existence 1. Dukkha

A
  • Suffering.
  • Suffering is a part of the nature of reality
39
Q

Some of the 7 stages of suffering

A
  • Birth
  • Old age
  • Sickness
  • Death
  • Sorrow and despair
  • Contact with unpleasant things.
40
Q

Three marks of existence 2. Anicca

A
  • Impermanence.
  • We will never stay the same.
  • Living things die. Non living things break. Our minds change and grow.
41
Q

Potential 4 marker How Anicca could help Buddhists suffer less in their lives

A
  • Anicca helps remind Buddhists during tough times that everything is impermanent and they will get past it.
  • It is normal to experience changes.
42
Q

Three marks of existence. 3. Anatta

A
  • No self. No soul
  • The self (you) is not fixed or permanent, there is nothing of you that does not change.
  • There is no (you) that moves onto next life, just kammic energy
  • Self is just an illusion we give because it is convenient.
43
Q

3 marks of existence (Potential 4 marker) What anatta teaches Buddhists

A
  • Anatta means Buddhists have no ego
  • They cannot be selfish/desire anything for themselves.
44
Q

Dhamma and Arising

A

Three things about Siddhartha:
- Holy
-Curious and questioned life
- Empathetic- gave up riches trying to understand suffering

45
Q

3 refuges. Recitation

A
  • To the Buddha for refuge I go
  • To the Dhamma for refuge I go
  • To the Sangha for refuge I go
46
Q

Why do Buddhists follow the Three marks

A
  • Following the truths and path of training would give lasting safety from suffering
  • When Buddhists go for “refuge”
47
Q

What are the four noble truths

A
  • Dukka
  • Samudaya
  • Nirodha
  • Magga
48
Q

Four noble truths quote:

A

“I teach suffering, its origin, cessation and path. That’s all I teach”

49
Q

4 noble truths: Dukka meaning

A
  • The truth to suffering
  • Old man, dead man, sick man
  • Samsara and Dukkha Link: Repeated cycle of life after death and is eternal suffering as life never ends
50
Q

AND again… 3 types of Dukkha:

A
  • Dukkha: physical, emotional pain
  • Anicca: Mental growth/ physical growth/ death
  • Anatta: No soul
51
Q

4 noble truths. Samudaya:

A
  • Cause of suffering
  • “Tanha” craving
  • Tanha + Anicca: Never crave things as everything is impermanent and will be lost forever. craving= expectance to last.
52
Q

4 noble truths: Nirodha

A
  • End of suffering
  • Can only achieve happiness through actions and efforts.
  • Let go of cravings= stop feeling dissatisfied with life.
  • People should not avoid things they crave= might lead to more craving
  • Enjoy pleasure of things recognising it won’t last.
53
Q

4th noble truth: Magga

A
  1. The Noble Eightfold Path
  2. The “cure” to the end of suffering.
54
Q

Magga: Three types

A
  1. Ethics (silia)- Having good morals and behaviour.
    Right speech, action, livelihood
  2. Panna- Understanding nature of reality.
    Right intention, understanding
  3. Samadhi- Meditation in role of spiritual development.
    Right effort, mindfulness, concentration.
55
Q

Why magga presented as wheel?

A
  • Emphasises fact that different steps do not need to be followed in a linear sequence
  • Can be practised at the same time
  • Each step supports the other
56
Q

Magga quote

A

“To avoid evil, cultivate good, cleanse one’s mind- this is the teaching of Buddha’s”

57
Q

Tanha craving quote

A

“sensual pleasures give little satisfaction and much pain”

58
Q

Theravada Buddhism beliefs:

A
  • Classical orthodox approach in teaching.
  • Full ordination is reserved for men
  • Strict rules and devote their whole life to following the path of enlightenment.
  • Do not break the rules just follow them
  • Transfer of merit: It is possible to share good fortune with other people by transferring merit gained to someone else. Help dead person have a favourable death
59
Q

Theravada Buddhism rules:

A
  • Do not own anything
  • No sexual relationships
  • Never be offensive to anyone
60
Q

The 5 Skandhas (aggregates)

A
  • Form (body)
  • Mental formations (thoughts)
  • Sensation (feeling)
  • Perception (recognition)
  • Consciousness (awareness)
61
Q

Point of 5 Aggregates?

A

-

62
Q

Mahayana Buddhism beliefs:

A
  • Progressive and encouraging. Very accepting and nature inclined. Independent but also united.
  • Believe Buddha is already inside of us and everyone is already enlghtened
  • They have simple, easy rules. Understand nature of themselves and reality around them
63
Q

Mahayana Buddhism: Sunyata

A
  • Restatement of anatta. Everything does not have a fixed, independent unchanging nature.
  • Interdependent nature of all things.
64
Q

Mahayana Buddha nature:

A
  • The belief that everyone has the seed, the essence of a Buddha already inside of them
65
Q

Mahayana Buddhahood:

A
  • To become a Buddha, everyone has the potential to do this and to become a Buddha
  • Because of their inherent Buddha nature
66
Q

Point of sunyata/ dependent arising

A
  • For Buddhists believing everything depends on and interlinks with everything else can lead to trust, compassion and selflessness.
67
Q

Arhat

A
68
Q

Random…enlightenment defintion

A

State of perfect freedom and happiness

69
Q
A

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