Buck lecture test one Flashcards
epithelium of ectodermal origin (GSA fibers)
skin, lining of external ear, tympanic membrane, conjunctiva of eye, lining of external nares, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, lining of the mouth, anterior two-thirds of tongue, dura matter
GVA epithelium of endodermal origin
posterior third of tongue, ducts of parotid glands, carotid sinus, pharynx, pharyngeotympanic tube, middle ear, larynx, and more vsiceral structures
Cranial nerve III paulsy can be caused by what?
aneurism of the superior cellebellar artery or the posterior cerebral artery because it is located in between
eye muscles and innervations
Lateral rectus CN VI (abducens) turns eye laterally
superior oblique=trochlear down and out
rest are all 3rd cranial nerve
LR6 SO4 AR3
what cranial nerve is responsible for pupilary constriction and accommodation?
CN III with GVE-P
what nerve innervates the motor component of derivatives from the first visceral arch?
CN V3 mandibular component of trigeminal (muscles of mastication as well as anterior belly of digastric, mylohyopid, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani
a patient complains that they are unable to “pop their ears on an airplane” (keep the auditory tube patent) during an airplane ride? what muscle might not be function and what is its innervation be specific?
veli palatini innervated by CN V3 muscle of palet responsible for opening auditory tube
how do parasympathtics and sympathetics get to locations on the head
CN V provides various routes for the distribution of autonomic nerve fibers (postganglionic sympathetic GVE & pre and postganglionic para-sympathetic GVE-P fibers of CNs III, VII and IX) to visceral structures of the head.
GVE-P fibers follow GSA fibers of CN V
where are parasympathetic ganglia containing postganglionic PS cell bodies located in the head?
along the various routes of CN V which transport the GVE-P fibers of CNs III, VII, and IX.
what ganglion is respsonsible for carrying all fibers for glands in the head (not including madible)?
pterygopaltine ganglion
what nerve innervates motor components of the second branchiomeric arch?
CN VII facial nerve all facial expression muscles mmetic muscles) SVE fibers
CN VII also does posterior belly of digastric stylohyoid and stapedius SVE fibers
what nerve gives GVE-P fibers to all mucus glands of head and what route does it take?
CN VII goes through pterygopalatine ganglion folowing CN V also gives off GVE-P for submandibular glands through submandibular plexus EVERY GLAND EXCEPT PAROTID
after CN VII exits the stylomastoid foraman what components does it carry?
at this point ONLY SVE
form the pterygopalatine ganglion GVE-P fibers form CN VII follow what route
follow CN V1 V2
what nerve gives off GVE-P to the parotid gland?
CN IX glossopharyngeal
which nerves innervates components of the third visceral arch?
CN IX goes to stylophaygeus muscle
what nerve innervates muscles from arches 4 and 6?
CN X Vagus nerve
loss of what nerve can lead to paralysis of a vocal fold
rec laryngeal nerve
superior ganglion of X has what fibers
GSA
inferior ganglion of X has what fibers
GVA SVA
what does cranial nerve XI innervate
GSE that innervate sternocleidomastoid and trap
what does CN XII innervate
all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palotoglosseus
what cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen?
9, 10, 11
what fascia envelopes the scalene muscles?
prevertebral fascia
are there superficial lymph nodes in the posterior triangle?
no only deep nodes in posterior triangle?
the area behind the ear (superficial lymph nodes of the back of the head drain where)
accessory nodes of the posterior triangle then to cervical nodes
as the hyoid bone moves what other structure must also move?
tongue
what cranial nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
V3 muscles of mastiction
what cranial nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
VII muscle of facial expression
what is the innervation of the thyrohyoid muscle?
C1 which follows route of hypoglossal nerve
the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what cranial nerve?
X
the inferior thyroid artery comes off of what artery and is in what relation to the carotid sheath and anastomoses with what?
comes off of the thyrocervical trunk and goes posterior to the carotid sheath anastomoses with the posterior branch of the superior thyroid artery
the superior thyroid artery comes off of what and anastomoses with what artery?
comes off of the external carotid artery and the anterior branches anastomose with its lateral twin
what artery must be checked for before putting in a cryk
thyroid ima artery runs midline sometimes comes off arch of aorta
where does the superior aspect of the thyroid isthmus drain? lymph
first to prelaryngeal then superior deep cervical
where does the inferior aspect of the thyroid isthmus drain to? lmph
first to pretracheal nodes then paratracheal then inferior deep cervical
lymphatic drainage of esophogus?
paratrachial to inferior deep cervical
what fascial layer surrounds the aortic arch?
pretracheal fascia
the strernal angle is at what vertebral level?
tv4-tv5 interspace demarcates superior and inferior mediasteinum
what facial layer is continous with nuchal fascia?
prevertebral fascia
what are the contents of the carotid sheath?
internal jugular vein common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, vagus nerve
what is the most important venous drainage of the brain and skull? and if it is compromised how does blood drain?
internal jugular vein is most important if it is blocked at its origin, uses anastomoses between the anterior retromandibular vein which joins the facial vein to become common facial vein which dumps in internal jugular past blockage/ also uses anastomoses of the posterior retromandibular vein which comes together with great auricular v to form external jugular which dumps into the subclavian.
what CN have parasympathetic ganglia associated with them?
ciliary ganglia of CN III, submandibular and pterygopalatine ganglia of CN VII, and the otic ganglia of IX
what nodes run along the internal jugular veins
deep cervical nodes
what structures are located in the carotid triangle?
carotid bifurcation, internal jugular v, CN X, CN XII, ansa cervicalis, sympathetic trunk
order and all branches that come off of the external carotid artery?
Sally ………............Superior Thyroid Anne………………..Ascending Pharyngeal Likes………………..Lingual Flirting……………...Facial On…………………...Occipital Philadelphia’s……..Posterior Auricular Main…………………Maxillary Streets………………Superficial Temporal
what are the tributaries to the internal jugular vein?
Occipital Pharyngeal Lingual Common Facial Superior Thyroid Middle Thyroid
what structures does SVE from the vagus nerve innervate?
Palatal Muscles: (all but one)
Levator veli palatini
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
All pharyngeal constrictors (3)
All laryngeal muscles (7)
Upper Esophagus
Trachealiswhat CN’s innervate structures of endodermal origin?
VII, IX, X
what nerve innervates anterior belly of digastric?
CN V3 or mylohyoid N
what nerve innervates the posterior belly of digastric?
digastric branch of CN VII facial nerve
what triangle is the hypoglossal nerve found in?
carotid triangle innervates tongue muscles
what is the cricothyroid muscle innervated by?
external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
what nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?
c1 via hypoglassol nerve
the spinal excessory nerve innervates what?
SCM and Trapezius
what fascia layer extends from the base of the skull and fuses with adventitia of the esophogus?
buccopharngeal
what fascia layer goes form the hyoid bone and then fuses with the fibrous pericardium and anterior to posterior fuses with what?
pre-tracheal a-p fuses with buccopharygeal fascia
what fascia layer goes from base of skull continuous with the nuchal ligament and fuses with the thorcolumbar fascia of the deep back?
pre vertebral fascia
what nerve sometimes joins the cervical branch of the facial nerve in the platysma to form the ansa cervicalis superficialis?
transverse cervical nerve
what component of CN VII does the platysma get?
SVE
what layer of fascia closes the thorcic inlet by fusing with the axillary sheath laterally?
Prevertebral fascia
what node recieves drainage from a tonsilar infection
goes to deep cervical node specifically JUGULODIGASTRIC NODE
what structures are in the carotid triange?
ansa cervicalis, internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve, hypoglassal nerve
where is the isthmus of the thyroid locates
2nd 3rd and 4th tracheal rings
where does the thyroid gland get its postganglionic sympathetic innervation?
the three major cervical sympathetic ganglion
what innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
external branch of superior laryngeal N
what fascia layer goes from base of skull to fibrous pericardium?
carotid sheath…. pretracheal strs on hyoid not base of skull
what spinal nerves contribute to the ansa cervicalis?
C1 C2 C3
what innervates the longus capitis and longus coli?
longus capitis is ventral rami of spinal nerves c1-c4
while longus coli is ventral rami of c2-c7
what nerves do suprahyoid muslces get?
Nothing from cervical plexus they get CN V and CN VII
where does the posterior scalene muscle attach? what about anterior and middle?
to second rib anterior and middle attach to 1st rib
what structures would be effected by a fracture of 1st rib?
anterior and middle scalenes, subclavian A, thoracic duct not vagus nerve
what penetrates sibsons facia?
thoracic duct
what artery is associated with the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?
dorsal scapular artery!!!!
what artery would be compressed by sibsons fascia over the apex of the cupola pleura?
the costovervical trunk comes off behind the anterior scalene
where would an infection spread from the occipital nodes?
they would drain to the area deep to the inferior portion of the SCM this would indicate its in the blood stream
what structures are associated with the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle?
suprascapular A, ascending cervical A, phrenic nerve, carotid sheath, Not thoracic duct.
If the scalene minimus is present what can it compress?
inferior trunk of brachial plexus which is cord levels C8 and T1 causing muscle problems in shoulder elbow hand
