Bu121 Midterm Flashcards
What is Academic Integrity?
Acting in a way that is honest, fair, respectful, and responsible in studies/academic work
What are the 6 values of academic integrity?
- Honesty
- Trust
- Fairness
- Respect
- Responsibility
- Courage
What are the different types of academic misconduct?
- Plagiarism
- Cheating/Copying
- Unauthorized collaboration
- Falsification
- Misrepresentation
- Forging academic record
- Impersonation
- Unauthorized aids
- Improper access
- Obstruction
- Distribution of IP
Plagiarisms of academic Misconduct from an indigenous lens?
Relationally: Acknowledge that all all knowledge in connected
Reciprocity: Relationship will be mutually beneficial, everyone values the knowledge they are creating and sharing
Respect: Explicit about whose story is being told, reflect on how your work represents different people
Competency - Professional Attributes
- Range of skills and qualities that contribute to an individual’s success in a professional setting
- Crucial for personal and career development
Competency - Adaptability
Reacts well, changes, and easily considers new approaches
What are the 3 characteristics of Gen AI?
Ubiquitous: It is everywhere in all disciplines
Undetectable: Cant detect its use
Transformative: It is going to change how we live
What is the difference between Gen AI and other search engines?
Gen AI: A collection of patterns
Search engines: A collection of Data
Prompts for AI
- Role and goal
- Give clear instructions
- Give examples
How can you be “the human” when using AI?
- Ask AI to expand and edit its information
- Integrate your own thinking, select strengths and revise weaknesses
What is critical thinking?
Question, analyze, make sense of something
3 characteristics of critical thinking
Self Aware: Reflective and aware of biases
Curious: Open to new perspectives, challenges ideas
Independent: Listen to others and have own ideas
3 different approaches to arguments
Follower: Blindly accepts arguments, does not assess reasoning
Cynic: Rejects all arguments, questions all reasoning
Healthy Septic: Assess arguments based on quality of reasoning and evidence
Why is critical thinking important?
- Manage information overload
- Improve understanding in business world
- Improve performance
- Evaluate implications of strategies
How can you use and improve critical thinking skills?
- Accept that critical thinking is hard and takes time to develop
- Practice for transfer
- Map it out
- Learn a balanced and practical amount of theory
Why do arguments make better strategies?
All great strategies start as arguments
Logical approach: How a companies resources and activities create and capture value and what needs to be true for the strategy to succeed
How are strategy arguments constructed?
Constructive debate: Encourage arguing, establish rules of engagement to limit confirmation bias, change how people think, specify purpose around conversation
Interactive Visualization: Map/expose relationships between courses of actions and their outcomes
Logical Formalization: Test logic behind claims and ensure they are valid, reasonable - ensure cause and effect and use if then statements
Key terms of AI
Hallucinations: Inaccuracy of outputs
Opacity: Not consistent or clear (sometimes very good, sometimes very bad)
Alignment: Ensuring system matches our needs
Implications of AI
Develop digital literacy by recognizing and exhibiting the value and limitations of ethical use of gen AI
Values and Limitations - Employment
Positives
- Increase quality of work
- Increase productivity/efficiency
Negatives
- Decrease re employment
- Reduce jobs
Values and Limitations - Education
Positives
- Increase quality educations (tutors)
- Enhance human intelligence
Negatives
- Creates educational divide (not everyone has access)
- increases academic misconduct
Values and Limitations - Media
Positives
- New authentications
- New revenue for data holders (sell data)
Negatives
- Potential for mis/dis information
- Accelerate problems
Values and Limitations - Cybersecurity/IP
Positives
- Increase accessibility/speed innovation
- Ability to detect fraud
Negatives
- Increased risk for IP leaks, malware
Values and Limitations - Diversity/Equity
Positives
- Increased diversity of leadership
Negatives
- Reinforce or worsen biases
Values and Limitations - Creativity
Positives
-Privilege “proper english”
- Improve quality of natural ideas
Negatives
- Reduce “individual voice”
What is evidence?
A statement that answers why a claim is true
- Statistics, anecdotes, past events etc
Claim without evidence = Opinion
Claim with evidence = Argument
How do you find evidence?
Cue words
- Because, as a result, for example, studies show
How is evidence assessed?
Accuracy - Credible
Precision - Numbers, quotes, not talking about irrelevant things
Sufficiency - A single piece of data is not enough
Representatives - whose Impacted/involved
Authority - Is this a expert opinion
Clarity of expression - Interpret the data for the reader, give meaning
4 Evidence Based Practice
Do do:
- “Gut feel”
- Obsolete traditions
- Mimicking
- HIPPO (highest paid persons opinion)
Do:
- Scientific Literature (Empirical studies)
- Organizational (Internal data - historical)
- Stakeholders (values and concerns, not just looking at the leader)
- Practitioners (professional expertise)
Misinformation vs Disinformation
Misinformation: Incorrect or misleading information
Disinformation: False information spread deliberately with intent
Fallacies used to disinform
Hasty Generalization:Using data from a small demographic and applying it to a larger one - unrepresentative
Red Herring: Avoiding key issues by avoiding opposing arguments
Cherry picking: Only a select amount of evidence is presented, evidence that would go against the argument is withheld
False appeal to authority: Taking someones advice because they are an expert/famous/older etc
Argumentum ad populm: Bandwagon effect
Argumentum ad Hominum: An attack to the character of a person rather than their argument (Against the Man)
Argumentum ad Misericordim: Using emotion to prove an argument - it will benefit someone/stop hurting someone (Appeal to pity)
Cognitive biases and blindspots
- Belief preservation/confirmation bias
- Seek evidence that supports what we believe and do not seek evidence that goes against it
- rate evidence as good or bad
- stick with our beliefs even in the face of overwhelming contrary evidence as long as we can find some support
They avoid - Put effort into finding evidence that contradicts what you believe in
- Wen analyzing evidence give extra attention to arguments that take an apposing view
- Be willing to change your mind when the evidence is clear
