Bu121 Final

Question 1

Identify and State a Claim

Answer 1

State what it is you are trying to do, what it is you are trying to argue, and how you plan to accomplish it.

Question 2

Identify and State reasons/evidence to back up claim

Answer 2

Anecdotes, evidence, case studies, experience

Question 3

Identify Underlying assumptions

Answer 3

Writer assumes the writer knows certain things

Question 4

Value Assumption
Reality Assumption

Answer 4

Reality: Beliefs about what events have taken place, what exists, how things work in the world
Value: Ideals, standards of right and wrong, the way things SHOULD be
Shaped by family, teachers, friends, religion, culture

Question 5

Identify and describe casual claims

Answer 5

Claims that argue that certain events or factors (causes) are responsible for creating other events (effects)
Commonly used to understand the world
Basis for decision-making and reasoned action
BUT difficult to prove as it effects may have rival causes

Question 6

Identify and describe types of rival causes

Answer 6

Difference between groups: Other differences between groups that may be relevant
Humanities courses lead to success - rival claim would be that it could be because of someone’s extracurricular courses
Correlation between characteristics:
Correlation does not necessarily indicate causation
-Direct causation
A is causing B
-Reverse causation
Is it also possible that B is causing A
-Third-factor causation
A is not causing B, C causes B
Example: CEO behaving badly
Claim: CEO’s that look competent/ attractive are higher paid
Claim: CEOs that have large signatures are higher paid
Claim: CEOs who golf well are higher paid
Correlation does not always = causation

Post hoc,ergo propter hoc:

After this (post hoc), therefore (ergo), because of this (propter hoc)

Causes due to chronological succession alone

Such arguments only focus on one factor; and fail to take into account other casually relevant factors

Reasonable direct causal relationship due to chronological succession

Unreasonable direct causal relationship due to chronological succession

Question 7

Identify insights about the Hawthorne experiments

Answer 7

Textbook

Question 8

Identify and describe how to anticipate and counter objections

Answer 8

Destructive testing of ideas
Discussing and rebutting objections increases your credibility

Question 9

Identify and describe how to limit claims if you have no rebuttal

Answer 9

Acknowledging limitations make your writing/ speaking more persuasive
Limit your generalizations (use qualifier)
Acknowledge the level of probability is not 100 percent
Refine or redefine your terms
Show your reader that you understand the complexity of the issue
Review “they say, I say” templates

Question 10

Identify and describe how to use rhetoric effectively

Answer 10

Rhetoric isn’t bad, empty rhetoric is
Persuasive, appropriate rhetoric is complete using full and clear detail, written with appropriate tone (depends on who the audience is), and vivid and concrete, not vague or cliche (allow reader to see argument you’re trying to build, bring in your own opinion/rebuttals, etc.). We want positive/appropriate rhetoric.

Question 11

Logos:
Ethos:
Pathos:

Answer 11

LOGOS: logic/evidence - data & statistics, factual evidence, logical reasoning, cause & effect, etc.
ETHOS: credibility/authority - expertise, authority, trustworthiness, professionalism, etc.
PATHOS: emotions/feelings - emotional language, anecdotes, imagery, humor, appeal to values, symbolism, etc.

Question 12

How do you develop an argument map

Question 13

Identify nature of business activties during historical eras

Answer 13

Early years (before 1750): small, owner operated trading companies. Commercial fishing was really popular
Factory systems & industrial revolution (1750-1800): many advances in technology. Small factories began to be established (many workers under 1 roof)/factories. Larger-scale production of goods, such as saw mills, breweries, etc.
Entrepreneurial eta (1850-1900): “Energetic era of inventions”, continued advancements in technology; electricity; people wanted more efficiency in their lives; patent office started and there was a high demand for patents; consumer regulation to combat collusion. 1870 - John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil, 1873 - Andrew Carnegie founded Carnegie steel, 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone, 1879 - Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
Production era (1910-1930): Henry Ford developed the “moving assembly line” as he wanted to make processes more efficient. Production focus
Sales & marketing eras (1930-1960): With more supply customers have more choice, so now companies started to consider customers needs/wants and tried to market it to them through ads. Companies are doing very well, companies retain profits & reinvest into company (including in employees). This lead to an increase in employees wages (the company and employees all benefited from their growth). Management resource allocation: “retain-and-reinvest”.
Finance era (1980s): Shift away from retain & reinvest to “downsize and distribute”, profits were shared with shareholders instead of employees. Sharp increase in mergers. Milton Friedman. Management resource allocation: “downside-and-distribute”. Business roundtable 1981: the purpose of a company is to… earn profit & be responsible.
Global era (1990-today): Advancements in technology. Business roundtable 1997: duty to shareholders (gone back to simpler purpose of the #1 duty of a corporation is to maximize profits for shareholders).
Internet era (late 90s-today): Pressure to improve product quality and customer service. Many more options as consumers; growing distrust for companies not governing themself properly; shift in expectations for companies CSR; big industries are still doing non-responsible things. Cola & food companies are leading to obesity crisis. Lynn Stout. Global financial crisis. 2018/9: Social license to operate, corporate social responsibility (CSR). Business roundtable 2019: duty to all (companies have a duty to everyone, not just shareholders).

Question 14

Identify why the SDG’s were developed

Answer 14

17 interconnected goals that serve as a global blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet now and into the future

Question 15

Identify Canada’s role in SDG development

Answer 15

Canada is making advancements to help accelerate progress on the SDGS. Their strategy is about building inclusive environments that support SDGs, Canadians are focusing on doing their part, they are acknowledging their commitments to gender inequality, peace, healthy environments, justice and human rights.

Question 16

Identify challenges that have impacted SDG achievement progress

Answer 16

Developing countries have internal turmoil which slows progress
War and conflict
Hard to change behaviour
Things such as the pandemic are setbacks
Funding and lack of investments issues
Economic barriers (inflation, recession and debt)

Question 17

Identify key takeaways from the STI forum regarding Gen AI’s impact on the SDG’s

Answer 17

Potential to inform new and creative solutions to complex problems
Threat of creating a variety of ethical concerns
AI will continue to evolve
No one-time update
Will require many revisits back to the discussion table
Requires “all-hands-on-deck” proactive approach to harness technology for good
“Coding the future” requires profound responsibility
Conversational technology offers potential to leapfrog gap in digital skills
Some opportunities and threats include:
Opportunities: Personalized education, medical assistance, language translations, free & easy to use, solve more challenges than it will present, etc.
Threats: Billions unable to access Gen AI, spread misinformation, digital & economics divides could potentially grow, etc.

Question 18

identify and describe the four stages of team development

Answer 18

Form, Storm, Norm, Perform

Question 19

Identify and describe physiological safety

Answer 19

Success requires that team members trust each other and feel psychologically safe.
Team members feel accepted and respected, comfortable voicing their opinions and experimenting (members are able to speak up and challenge ideas)

Question 20

Identify and describe why and how student teams can benefit from advice from experienced students

Answer 20

Novice teams are likely to be responsive to, and benefit from the advice of students who have already had a team based on their own classroom experiences.

Question 21

Identify and describe why, where and how people work

Answer 21

Why: Belonging, meaning, purpose, self-actualization, support for whole self, authenticity
No longer a transactional model
If they cant leave, they “quiet quite”
Where: Hybrid work model with valuable opportunities to collaborate and bond
Highest profile friction point
Must be customized to support each company’s/ area’s needs
How: Leverage tech for communications and productivity while ensuring equitable access and use
Consider how to foster seamless work alongside AI
Demand improved interpersonal skills

Question 22

identify and describe the four freedoms required for all workers to flourish

Answer 22

Freedom to be
Freedom to become
Freedom to fade
Freedom to fail

Question 23

Identify and describe burnout, its impact on employees, organizations and economies, as
well as causes of burnout

Answer 23

“A syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed” - World Health Organization
Impacts on Employees: exhaustion, doubt, shame/sense of failure, reduced self-efficacy, cynicism and helplessness.
Impacts on ogranizations and economies: $1trillion in lost productivity globally each year, $190billion spent in health care outlays, 120,000 fatalities in U.S alone
Causes of burnout: Workload, Perceived lack of control, lack or reward or recognition, poor relationships, lack of fairness, values mismatch.

Question 24

Identify and describe the current state of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI) efforts

Question 25

Identify advanced manufacturing technologies of Industry 4.0

Answer 25

Additive Manufacturing - allows companies to produce small batches of customized products, increases speed of manufacturing complex, lightweight designs
Augmented Reality - Provides workers with real time info that improves decision-making and work procedures
Autonomous Robots - Can safely interact with one another and humans, Reduce costs, Will improve range of capabilities
Big data and analytics - Collects and evaluates data from many different sources to improve decision-making
The Cloud - Allows data to be shared across sites, Will enable more data driven services for production systems
Cybersecurity - Increased connectivity requires increased need to protect systems
Horizontal and vertical system integration - Allows increased cohesiveness and integration of networks and change
Industrial Internet of things(IOT)- Increases number of devices with embedded computing, Decentralizes analytics and decision making, increasing response time
Simulation - Used to leverage real time data and mirror physical world, allowing companies to reduce machine setup times and increase quality

Question 26

Identify key takeaways from Andrew Ng’s TED Talk regarding AI’s impact on business

Question 27

Identify examples of ESG goals

Question 28

Identify how and which stakeholders use ESG goals

Question 29

Identify how a company can move forward in their achievement of ESG goals, including the
four principles managers need to use

Question 30

Identify what an executive summary is, why it is important, and common errors made in writing one

Answer 30

• Identify what an executive summary is, why it is important, and common errors made in
  writing one
  It is a brief document that recommends a decision and persuasively lays out the business case. It is one of the most crucial of all business documents
  Why its important: Determines weather the reader will want to engage further with you and have a meeting or presentation
  Common errors: Not putting enough effort into preparing it, squeezing in to much detail and not highlighting decision elements, Including too much info about writer, not writing from audience perspective, filling it with too much empty jargon instead of just using simple language.

Question 31

Identify why business storytelling is effective and how story components should be
developed and organized

Question 32

Identify, discuss and apply how competencies can be developed in academic activities

Question 33

Identify and discuss the ‘Challenge Mindset’ to career exploration

Answer 33

The challenge mindset is an approach to career exploration focused on finding challenges to tackle instead of job titles to fit into. This new approach flips the model of career education.

Question 34

Discuss key takeaways from the alumni panelists in Lecture 12A