BS4209 Traditional Normative Ethical Theories

Question 1

Ethical absolutism

Answer 1

Eternal universally applicable moral principles (Right and wrong)

Question 2

Ethical Relativism

Answer 2

Claims morality is context dependent and subjective

Question 3

Normative Ethical theories

Answer 3

Egoism
Utilitarianism
Ethics of duties
Rights and justice

Question 4

Egoism

Answer 4

We can know only a limited amount about the eventual impact of our actions and therefore the best course to steer is to aim for self fulfillment and personal happiness.

Question 5

Utilitarianism

Answer 5

Greatest happiness of the greatest number
Utility = Max pleasure, min pain

Question 6

Non-consequentialism (Deontology)

Answer 6

Concerned why the decision is made, not outcome

Question 7

Ethics of duties - Kantian ethics

Answer 7

Consequentialism may be misguided by desire or perception of the outcome.
Humans are rational moral actors who should be trusted to apply reasoning to decision making whatever the situation

Question 8

Ethics of rights and justice

Answer 8

Fundamental notion that all people are entitled to natural or human rights and that these should at all times be respected

Question 9

“The Golden Rule”

Answer 9

Do unto others as you would unto yourself.