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Biological Science: 1 Biochemistry > BS0011_SEM1/LEC1/01 > Flashcards

BS0011_SEM1/LEC1/01 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an element?

A

Each of more than 100 substances
Cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into smaller substances
Primary constituents of matter

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2
Q

How are elements distinguished?

A

By atomic number
Which is the number of protons in nuclei of atom

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist

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4
Q

What are molecules?

A
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5
Q

What are compounds?

A
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6
Q

Are all molecules compounds?

A
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7
Q

What is valency?

A
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8
Q

What is a valence shell?

A
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9
Q

What’s meant by positive valency?

A
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10
Q

How do you work out valency?

A
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11
Q

Why do atoms join? (Gain, lose, share e-‘s)

A
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12
Q

What does a valency number of 2 mean for Oxygen?

A
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13
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A
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14
Q

Describe the bonding between Sodium and Chlorine.

A
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15
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A
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16
Q

Describe the bonding in water.

A
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17
Q

Describe the bonding in carbon dioxide.

A
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18
Q

What is the structure of solid NaCl?

A
19
Q

Describe the structure of NaCl.

A
20
Q

What charge does an ionic compound have?

A
21
Q

Ionic bonds are __________ in __________, but ________ when placed in ___________ __________________.

A
22
Q

What happens to electrons in ionic bonds?

A
23
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A
24
Q

How do ionic bonds form?

A
25
Q

What is the result of a transfer of electrons?

A
26
Q

What holds ionic compounds together?

A
27
Q

What happens to electrons in a covalent bond?

A
28
Q

What happens to each hydrogen atom by sharing electrons in H2?

A

Both have a full valence shell.

29
Q

How is a covalent bond depicted and what does it show?

A

Straight line between 2 atoms
Represents sharing of a pair of electrons

30
Q

What charge does a covalent compound have?

A

No charge

31
Q

What is a lone pair?

A
32
Q

What do lone pairs influence in terms of molecules?

A

Shapes of molecules

33
Q

How is a double bond formed?

A
34
Q

Compare double bonds to single bonds.

A
35
Q

Describe the covalent bonding between 2 oxygen atoms.

A
36
Q

Describe the structure of benzene or Aromatic compounds in general.

A
37
Q

Where are valence electrons in Benzene?

A

Free to move anywhere in delocalised ring

38
Q

What property allows larger molecules to be formed?

A
39
Q

Why can CH3COOH be formed?

A

Hydrogen has a valency of 1
Oxygen has a valency of 2
Carbon has a valency of 4
Each atom bonds to the same number of atoms as its number of valence electrons
Valence electrons are shared to form a bond

40
Q

What is CH3COOH or C2H4O2?

A

Acetic acid

41
Q

What is dative coordinate bonding?

A
42
Q

Which atom must the electrons in a dative bond be given to?

A

An atom or ion with an empty orbital

43
Q

Describe the formation of an ammonium ion.

A

Nitrogen donates a pair of electrons to a Hydrogen ion, for it to gain a full outer electron orbital.
A dative coordinate bond is formed.

Biological Science: 1 Biochemistry (4 decks)

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