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A.R.E. - Building Systems > BS: Lesson 5 - Mechanical Equipment & Energy Codes > Flashcards

BS: Lesson 5 - Mechanical Equipment & Energy Codes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of mechanical plats

A

boilers and chillers refrigeration cycle heat pump

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2
Q

A heat pump is a ________________ in reverse?

A

refrigeration cycle

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3
Q

In what climate type should you use an evaporative cooler?

A

hot and arid or areas with low humidity

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4
Q

The refrigeration cycle uses low or high pressure to condense the gaseous fluid?

A

high pressure

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5
Q

In the refrigeration cycle, low or high pressure us used to cool the gaseous fluid and transfer the heat to the coils

A

low pressure

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6
Q

Name the five basic components of a refrigeration system.

A

Evaporator Compressor Condenser Expansion Valve Refrigerant

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7
Q

In terms of mechanical equipment, how is efficiency defined?

A

energy delivered / energy used

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8
Q

In terms of mechanical equipment, what is the coefficient of performance (COP) and what is the typical COP for mechanical systems?

A

energy delivered, including heat from outside / / energy used COP varies between 2 and 3, with 2.3 being common

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9
Q

Normal boilers and furnaces run at ___ efficiency

A

80%

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10
Q

1 Btu of energy can move how many Btus?

A

2 to 4 Btus

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11
Q

Heat pumps perform better in cold or hot climates?

A

hot

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12
Q

When would you use an electrical mechanical distribution system?

A

in very mild climates

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13
Q

Name the three mechanical distribution systems.

A

hyronic electrical forced air

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14
Q

In general, the minimum air changes per hour for all spaces is?

A

4

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15
Q

A heat pump is a ________________ in reverse?

A

refrigeration cycle

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16
Q

In what climate type should you use an evaporative cooler?

A

hot and arid or areas with low humidity

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17
Q

The refrigeration cycle uses low or high pressure to condense the gaseous fluid?

A

high pressure

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18
Q

In the refrigeration cycle, low or high pressure us used to cool the gaseous fluid and transfer the heat to the coils

A

low pressure

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19
Q

Name the five basic components of a refrigeration system.

A

Evaporator Compressor Condenser Expansion Valve Refrigerant

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20
Q

In terms of mechanical equipment, how is efficiency defined?

A

energy delivered / energy used

21
Q

In terms of mechanical equipment, what is the coefficient of performance (COP) and what is the typical COP for mechanical systems?

A

energy delivered, including heat from outside / / energy used COP varies between 2 and 3, with 2.3 being common

22
Q

Normal boilers and furnaces run at ___ efficiency

A

80%

23
Q

1 Btu of energy can move how many Btus?

A

2 to 4 Btus

24
Q

Heat pumps perform better in cold or hot climates?

A

hot

25
Q

When would you use an electrical mechanical distribution system?

A

in very mild climates

26
Q

Name the three mechanical distribution systems.

A

hyronic electrical forced air

27
Q

In general, the minimum air changes per hour for all spaces is?

A

4

28
Q

What type of mechanical system is best for a linear building with a central corridor and many different zones?

A

double duct or dual duct system

29
Q

A multi-zone mechanical system is best for what type of buiding?

A

square box shape with few zones

30
Q

Which mechanical system is the most efficient and has the advantage of heating and cooling?

A

fan coil system

31
Q

Which mechanical system is the most common efficient system?

A

variable air volume (VAV) system

32
Q

To heat and cool another room simultaneously, what type of mechanical system would you use?

A

double or dual duct system fan coil system

33
Q

Note: In the various forced air mechanical systems, all of the air going to a given zone is the same temperature. The amount of heating or cool is delivered to the zone is determined by volume of air delivered.

A

n/a

34
Q

In what building type would you use a unitary system?

A

a building that is spread out or when each zone required its own utility bill

35
Q

Describe the process of induction.

A

when you deliver at high velocity a small amount of supply air to a box, mix it with the room air and deliver the new mixed air into the room

36
Q

HEPA

A

high efficiency particulate arrestance

37
Q

What are the 3 types of HVAC filters and what are they used for?

A

fibrous - similar to home filters used to remove dust and lint electrostatic - composed of 2 sets of charged plates and produces less resistance to air movement activated charcoal filters - used only when necessary, has significant resistance to air flow, removes odors and chemicals

38
Q

In sizing the mechanical plant and duct sizing,, the architect needs to know what?

A

how much floor space the mech. equip take out how much space will the distribution system take in a building section

39
Q

Although the space requirements vary, how much space is usually required for the mechanical system plant in a low rise and high rise building?

A

low-rise: 5-10% of the TOTAL floor area high-rise: every 15 - 20 floors

40
Q

Sizing of the mechanical equipment is based on what?

A

design day and efficiency of the distribution system

41
Q

1 ton = _____ Btu

A

12,000

42
Q

In determining duct sizes for appropriate air velocities, what is the difference in using 300 fpm (feet per minute) or 2000 fpm?

A

300 fpm will produce quiet and barely noticeable air flow 2000 fpm and up, are best in large office buildings with vertical shafts

43
Q

In duct sizing, if friction loss becomes excessive you should _________________.

A

choose a larger duct size use a fans

44
Q

In air duct sizing, how are air flow and velocity related?

A

air flow (in feet per minute) = average velocity (in SFPM) * the cross-sectional area

45
Q

ASHRAE 90-XX series energy standards suggests practices for ______________?

A

external envelope HVAC equipment water heating equipment electrical distribution

46
Q

Name 8 innovative technologies for energy sources.

A

groundwater aquifer cooling and heating (AETS) geothermal energy wind turbines photovoltaic fuel cells biogas small scale hydro ice storage cooling

47
Q

The term solar savings fraction is used to what?

  • MEEB
A

Evaluate a building’s solar heating performance. It is a measure (not a percentage) of the solar building’s conservation advantage.

48
Q

The two types of heat transfer process commonly used in mechanical equipment for buildigns are___________?

A

compressive and absroption refrigeration cycles

A.R.E. - Building Systems (8 decks)

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