BS III Anatomy - Cardiovascular System Week 1

Question 1

how does blood flow on the right side of the heart

Answer 1

Receives venous blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. It pumps it through the pulmonary trunk and arteries to the lungs

Question 2

How does the left side of the heart transfer blood

Answer 2

Receives arterial blood from the lungs and pumps it through the pulmonary veins into the aorta.

Question 3

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 3

Begins with diastole and ends with systole

Question 4

2 heart sounds

Answer 4

1st (Lub) blood is transferred from the atria into the ventricles.
2nd (Dub) as the ventricles expel blood from the heart

Question 5

Heart wall layers

Answer 5

1. Endocardium: endothelium and subendothelial connective tissue that covers heart valves.
2. Myocardium: helical middle layer composed of cardiac muscle.
3. Epicardium: layer of mesothelium formed by the visceral layer of serous pericardium.

Question 6

what does the Fibrous structure of the heart consist of?

Answer 6

Cardiac muscle fibers are anchored to the 4 dense fibrous collagen rings which surround the orifice of the valve.

This forms a fibrous trigone.

Question 7

functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Answer 7

Prevents the AV and semilunar valves from being distended

Provides attachment for the leaflets and cusps of the valves

Forms electrical insulator

Question 8

What are the 3 openings of the right atrium

Answer 8

Has 3 major openings:

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 9

what are the openings of the left atrium?

Answer 9

Has 4 openings which receive blood from the pulmonary veins from the lungs

Question 10

Interatrial septum

Answer 10

The 2 atria are separated by the interatrial septum

Fossa Ovalis is a oval depression on the right side of the septum

Question 11

Fossa Ovalis

Answer 11

Former opening of the foramen ovale an opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and the fetus.

Question 12

Right and left ventricle

Answer 12

The atria opens into the ventricles through atrioventricular canals.

The 2 ventricles are separated from each other by the interventricular septum.

Question 13

what does the right ventricle open into?

Answer 13

Opens into the pulmonary trunk

Question 14

what does the Left ventricle open into?

Answer 14

Opens into the aorta

Question 15

what do Atrioventricular Valves consists of and its functions?

Answer 15

Composed of cusps or flaps.

Allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles but prevent blood flowing back.

AV between right vent and atria has 3 cusps called the Tricuspid valve.

AV between left vent and atria has 2 cusps called the bicuspid valve or mitral valve.

Question 16

Papillary Muscles (AV)

Answer 16

Each ventricle contains papillary muscles.

Muscles are attached together by Chordae Tendineae to the AV Cusps

Question 17

Semilunar Valves (AV)

Answer 17

Within the Aorta and Pulmonary trunk are the Aortic Semilunar and Pulmonary Semilunar Valves.

Each valve contains 3 semilunar cusps.

When blood flows out it opens the valves. When it comes back from the Aorta or Pulmonary trunk the blood enters the cusps blocking the blood from flowing back.

Question 18

what is the composition of the conducting system

Answer 18

Relays action potential through the heart.

Composition: 
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
AV Node
AV Bundle of His
Left/Right bundle branches
Pukinje Fibres

Question 19

Sinoatrial Node position

Answer 19

Is medial to the opening of the superior vena cava.

Question 20

what is the position of the Atrioventricular Node

Answer 20

Medial to right AV

Gives rise to the bundle of his