Bruyat, C., & Julien, P.-A. (2000). Defining the Field of Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 165-180.

Question 1

What is the scientific object of entrepreneurship?

Answer 1

The dialogic between individual and new value creation, whithin an ongoing process and within an environment that has specific characteristics

Question 2

What are (the factors of) entrepreneurial processes?

Answer 2

• Variable
• Heterogeneous
• Dynamic
• Complex
• Unpredictable (often)

These factors give entrepreneurs freedom / capacity to create innovation

Question 3

What is the goal of this paper?

Answer 3

Propose a definition of entrepreneurship as a research field

Attemt to reformulate existing proposal (by researcher in the field)

Question 4

What are 2 basic trends in the scientific community of entrepreneurship?

Answer 4

• Turgot and Say: entrepreneur considered to be the person who creates and develops new business of any kind
• Cantillon and Schumpeter: entrepreneur is an innovator, and therefore a relatively exceptional person who changes the economy in some way or another

Question 5

Which basic ideas have to be shared by researchers in the field of entrepreneurship?

Answer 5

• Recognition of the individual as an important or even vital element in the creation of new value
• The statement that the individual is not simply a machine reacting to stimuli from the environment. There is ability to learn and create.
• The belief that the resources in the environment can play a facilitating or stimulating role in helping increase the number of entrepreneurs in a region

Question 6

What is the project of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship?

Answer 6

• To understand / predict the phenomenon of new value creation initiated by individuals
• To understand / predict their succes, failure or performance

Question 6

What is the project of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship?

Answer 6

• To understand / predict the phenomenon of new value creation initiated by individuals
• To understand / predict their succes, failure or performance

Question 7

What is the proposed definition of an entrepreneur regarding this paper? (Bruyat, C., & Julien, P.-A. (2000)

Answer 7

The entrepreneur is the individual responsbile for the process of creating new value (an innovation and/or a new organization) - in other words, the indvidiual with whom value would not be created.

Question 8

What is the proposed definition of entrepreneurship regarding this paper? (Bruyat, C., & Julien, P.-A. (2000)

Answer 8

Individual (I) ⇒ New value creation (NVC)

Dialogic relationship between the individual and new value creation

Entrepreneur builds something (an enterprise, an innovation, etc.), but is, at the same time, constrained and created by the object constructed.

Question 9

What are difficulties in the proposed process of this paper?

Answer 9

1. The notion of the individual: when the team has a clear leader he is the entrepreneur, if everyone has a significant role in value creation the team is the ‘entrepreneur’
2. The notion of value creation: entrepeneur’s market transactions are generally more extensive and are vital in confirming their entrepreneurial nature, even when they are completed or enriched by nonmarket transactions.

Question 10

What are the 4 NVC dialogics?

Answer 10

1. Entrepreneurial reproduction - little new value, little change for individual
2. Entrepreneurial imitation - little new value, big change for individual
3. Entrepreneurial valorization - a lot of new value, small change for individual
4. Entrepreneurial venture - a lot of new value, big change for individual