Brucella practical Flashcards
BRUCELLA: Taxonomy, habitat and morphology
- Taxonomy:
• monospecies system: B. melitensis, within the species biovars
• B. melitensis biovar abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
• multispecies system: B. abortus 1, 2, 3, ….
• both systems are in use - Habitat:
• infected host - Morphology:
• 0.6-1.5 µm coccoid rods
BRUCELLA: Staining
• Gram negative • Köster-staining • 3% safranin 3-5 minutes, steam once • 0.5% H2SO4 • washing • methylene blue 2 min • modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining
BRUCELLA: Culture
• obligate aerobic, • fastidious (vitamin, yeast extract) • CO2 • S-R colonies (at the isolation) - S colonies: B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis - R colonies: B. canis, B. ovis • selective culture: • polymyxin, bacitracin, cycloheximide, • (laboratory animals)
BRUCELLA: Biochemistry and antigens
6. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, • urease + 7. Antigens: • close antigen relationship • „S colony type”: • B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis cross reaction • „R colony type”: • B. ovis - B. canis cross reaction • cell wall • A and M polysaccharides: B. melitensis - B. abortus - B. suis
BRUCELLA: Groups and resistance
8. Groups: • species: •phage susceptibility (Tbilisi phage) •oxidative metabolism, •natural host • biotype: •CO2 demand, •H2S, •fuchsin/thionin tolerance, •agglutination 9. Resistance: • medium
BRUCELLA: Pathogenicity
10. Pathogenicity: • facultative intra cellular bacterium • B. melitensis: goat, sheep, • B. abortus: cattle, • B. suis: swine, hare, reindeer, rodents • B. pinnipediales: seal, walrus • B. ceti: whale, dolphin • B. ovis: sheep • B. canis: dog, • B. neotomae: desert rat • B. microti: vole
BURKHOLDERIA: Habitat, morphology, staining, culture and species
1. Habitat: • mucous membranes (B. mallei), soil, water, plants (B. pseudomallei) 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella (except B. mallei) 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Culture: • not fastidious, obligate aerobic, • pigment production 5. Species: • B. mallei • B. pseudomallei
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture
1. Habitat: • host 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod • no flagella 3. Staining: • irregular 4. Culture: • glycerol supports, • no pigment production
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Biochemistry, resistance
5. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, • oxidative 6. Resistance: • weak
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) mallei: Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity:
• malleus/glanders (horse, donkey),
• cat,
• human
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei: Habitat, morphology and culture
1. Habitat: • soil, water, tropics 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod • flagella 3. Culture: • glycerol agar: large colonies, • broth: layer • pigment
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei: Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity:
• melioidosis
• swine, cattle, sheep, goat, dog, cat, human
PSEUDOMONAS: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture
1. Habitat: • mucous membranes, soil, water, plants 2. Morphology: • 1.5-5 µm rod, flagella 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Culture: • not fastidious, • obligate aerobic, • pigment production
PSEUDOMONAS: Pathogenicity and species
5. Pathogenicity: • saprophytes – plant pathogens – animal pathogens 6. Species • Pseudomonas aeruginosa • Pseudomonas anguilliseptica
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Habitat, morphology and culture
1. Habitat: • environment, water, sewage, gut 2. Morphology: • 1 polar flagellum, • polar fimbria 3. Culture: • simple, 5-42 oC, • β haemolysis, • odour • pigments: • piocianin • fluorescein
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Biochemistry, antigens and resistance
4. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, 5. Antigens: • O antigen • 27 O antigens - several components - H antigens • phage typing, • pyocin typing 6. Resistance: • resistance - quaterner NH4 salts, - amphoteric disinfectants • susceptibility - dehydration, - heat, -most disinfectants
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenicity
7. Pathogenicity: • facultative pathogenic, • local suppuration, • cattle, mare: - mastitis, metritis, • sheep: - dermatitis • dog: - otitis externa, • fur animals: - septicaemia
Pseudomonas anguilliseptica: Pathogenicity
2. Pathogenicity: • salmon, eel: • septicaemia, • keratitis, • haemorrhages
AEROMONAS: Habitat, morphology, staining and culture
1. Habitat: • water, sewage, gut 2. Morphology: • 1-4 µm rods, generally flagellated 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Culture: • simple, aerobic, facultative anaerobic
AEROMONAS: Biochemistry and species/groups
- Biochemistry:
• catalase +,
• oxidase + - Groups, species
• „mesophilic aeromonas” species: A. hydrophila
• „psychrofilic aeromonas” species: A. salmonicida
Aeromonas hydrophila: Morphology and culture
1. Morphology: • 1-4 µm rods, • flagella 2. Culture: • simple, • haemolysis, • optimal temperature 28 oC
Aeromonas hydrophila: Biochemistry and pathogenicity
3. Biochemistry: • sometimes gas is produced • resembles E. coli 4. Pathogenicity: • facultative pathogenic, • fishes, amphibians, reptiles - septicaemia, • farm animals - colonisation
Aeromonas salmonicida: Morphology and culture
1. Morphology: • small coccobacillus, no flagella 2. Culture: • optimal temperature: 20 oC, • dark brown pigment
Aeromonas salmonicida: Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic
• fish (Salmonidae): furunculosis
FRANCISELLA: Habitat, morphology and staining
1. Habitat: • rodents, arthropods, (environment) 2. Morphology: • 0.5-2 µm coccoid rods, • thin capsule 3. Staining: • Gram negative, • bipolar
FRANCISELLA: Culture
4. Culture: • aerobic, fastidious, • additives: • protein, • cystein, cystin, • yeast extract • media: • Francis-blood agar: • cystein – glucose – rabbit serum • cystein – glucose – egg
FRANCISELLA: Biochemistry, antigens and resistance
5. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase - • glycerol •+: F. tularensis subsp. tularensis •-: F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (palaearctica) •+: F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica 6. Antigens: • uniform, • cross reactions •Brucella spp. • Y. pestis 7. Resistance: • weak • good survival in cold
FRANCISELLA: Pathogenicity
8. Pathogenicity: • tularaemia •rodents, •dog, •cat, •cattle, •swine, •sheep, •human
BORDETELLA: Habitat, morphology, staining, culture and biochemistry
1. Habitat: • respiratory mucous membrane (mammals, birds) 2. Morphology: • 2-3 µm rods 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Culture: • obligate aerobic 5. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, • cannot utilise carbohydrates
BORDETELLA: Species
6. Species • B. pertussis: human pertussis • B. parapertussis: human parapertussis • B. bronchiseptica • B. avium
Bordetella bronchiseptica: Habitat, morphology and culture
- Habitat:
• mucous membrane, respiratory (swine, dog, cat, horse, rabbit) - Morphology:
• rods,
• fimbria - Culture:
• simple,
• growth on media containing only citrate
• selective isolation:
• crystal violet, bile salts, penicillin, nitrofurantoin
Bordetella bronchiseptica: Biochemistry and antigens
4. Biochemistry: • cytotoxins, • dermonecrotoxin 5. Antigens: • several O, K, H and fimbria antigens
Bordetella bronchiseptica: Resistance and pathogenicity
6. Resistance: • medium 7. Pathogenicity: • facultative pathogenic, • swine • atrophic rhinitis (with P. multocida), • rabbit • pneumonia • dog • complication to distemper, • cat • bronchitis, bronchopneumonia
Bordetella avium: Habitat, morphology, culture and biochemistry
1. Habitat: • poultry respiratory tract 2. Morphology: • capsule, flagella, fimbria 3. Culture: • simple 4. Biochemistry: • cytotoxins, • dermonecrotoxin
Bordetella avium: Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity:
• avian bordetellosis (coryza-like),
• chicken
MORAXELLA: Habitat, morphology, staining and resistance
1. Habitat: • mucous membranes (upper respiratory way, conjunctiva) 2. Morphology: • 1-3 µm coccoid rods, capsule, pairs 3. Staining: • Gram negative 4. Resistance: • weak
MORAXELLA: Subgenera and species
5. Subgenera: • Moraxella, • Branhamella 6. Species • M. (M.) lacunata: human kerato-conjunctivitis • M.(M.) bovis • M. (B.) ovis
Moraxella (Moraxella) bovis: Morphology, culture, biochemistry and antigens
1. Morphology: • rods in pairs, • fimbria 2. Culture: • fastidious, blood agar, • β haemolysis 3. Biochemistry: • catalase +, • oxidase +, • extra cellular enzymes • proteases, • hyaluronidase, • fibrinolysine 4. Antigens: • fimbria 7 groups
Moraxella (Moraxella) bovis: Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity:
• cattle infectious kerato-conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Moraxella (Branhamella) ovis: Habitat and morphology
1. Habitat: • sheep, calf: conjunctiva, nasal cavity 2. Morphology: • cocci in pairs, • fimbriae on some of them
Moraxella (Branhamella) ovis: Pathogenicity
- Pathogenicity:
• facultative pathogenic,
• keratoconjunctivitis of sheep, goats and young calves
