BRS #4 Flashcards
how many AAs are essential
9
what are essential nutrients
stuff that cannot be made by the body
you have to take it in from your diet
infants require more _____ in their diet
protein
_______ play an important role in infant brain development
essential fatty acids
most common energy depletion state
- near starvation from protein and nonprotein deficiencies
- very thin from loss of muscle and body fat
marasmus
- protein deficient state characterized by generalized edema, abdominal distension, changes in skin pigmentation, and thin sparse hair
- common in areas where starches are the main dietary staple
kwashiorkor
vitamin and mineral deficiency
-night blindness, xerophthalmia (dry conjunctiva and cornea)
vitamin A
vitamin and mineral deficiency
rickets/osteomalacia, dental caries, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia
vitamin D
vitamin and mineral deficiency
anemia/hemolysis, neurologic deficits, altered prostaglandin synthesis
vitamin E
vitamin and mineral deficiency
coagulopathy/prolonged PT, abnormal bone matrix synthesis
vitamin K
vitamin and mineral deficiency
berberi (cardiac failure, peripheral neuropathy, hoarseness or aphonia, wernicke’s encephalopathy)
vitamin B1 (thiamine)
vitamin and mineral deficiency
dermatitis, cheilosis, glossitis, microcytic anemia, peripheral neuritis
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
vitamin and mineral deficiency
megaloblastic anemia, demyelination, methymalonic acidemia
vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
vitamin and mineral deficiency
scurvy (hematologic abnormalities, edema, spongy swelling of gums, poor wound healing, impaired collagen synthesis)
vitamin C
vitamin and mineral deficiency
megaloblastic anemia, neutropenia, impaired growth, diarrhea
folic acid
vitamin and mineral deficiency
pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia), glossitis, stomatitis
niacin
vitamin and mineral deficiency
skin lesions, poor wound healing, immune dysfunction, diarrhea, growth failure
zinc
what do you find in the stool if there carbohydrate malabsorption
- watery
- acidic (pH < 5.6)
- reducing substances detected via a positive clinitest reaction
congenital enterokinase deficiency is a rare cause of _____ and ______ loss in the stool
what results?
protein and nitrogen
hypoproteinemia –> edema and growth impairment
what happens in protein losing enteropathies
transudation of protein from inflamed intestinal mucosa
what test to look for protein in the stool
fecal alpha-1-antitrypsin levels
decreased _____ activity results in steatorrhea, decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
lipase
acanthocytosis of erythrocytes is seen in _________
abetalipoproteinemia
AR syndrome
pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, FTT, short stature, neutropenia, sometimes pancytopenia
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome