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Tropical > Brown Bauhaus Climate Design > Flashcards

Brown Bauhaus Climate Design Flashcards

1
Q

The average rate at which radiant energy from the sun is received by the earth, used in calculating the effects of solar radiation on buildings

A

Solar constant

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2
Q

The angular elevation of a celestial body above the horizon

A

Altitude

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3
Q

Either of the two times during the year when the sun crosses the plane of the celestial equator and when the length of day and night are everywhere approximately equal, occurring about March 21 and September 21

A

Equinox

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4
Q

March 21

A

Vernal / Spring Equinox

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5
Q

September 21

A

Autumnal Equinox

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6
Q

A great circle on the earth’s surface passing through both geophysical poles

A

Meridian

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7
Q

The placing of a building in relation to the path of the sun, either to maximize the amount of heat gained from solar radiation during the coldest months or to minimize the amount of heat gained in the warmest month

A

Solar orientation

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8
Q

A solar-heating system using a building’s design and construction and the natural flow of heat to collect, store, and distribute solar energy, with minimal use of fans and pumps

A

Passive solar-heating

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9
Q

A bank of earth placed against one or more exterior walls of a building as protection against extremes in temperature

A

Berm

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10
Q

A screen usually of louvers, placed on the outside of a building to shield the windows from direct sunlight.

(A French term, which means “sunscreen”)

A

Brise-soleil

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11
Q

The circulation of fresh air through open windows, doors, or other openings on opposite sides of a room

A

Cross ventilation

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12
Q

The tendency of air or gas in a shaft or other vertical space to rise when heated, creating a draft that draws in cooler air or gas from below

A

Chimney effect

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13
Q

The climate as affected by landform

A

Topoclimate

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14
Q

The movement of water from ocean to atmosphere, rain, run off, soil water, ground water (in aquifers), and back to the sea

A

Hydrologic cycle

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15
Q

Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that is deposited on the Earth’s surface. Its main forms of include rain, snow, ice pellets, and graupel.

A

Precipitation

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16
Q

The ability of air movement to produce comfort cooling

A

Natural ventilation

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17
Q

An architectural design approach where air is collected and transferred predominantly by natural means using evaporative cooling effects of water and greenhouse effect of vegetation to distribute cool breeze through a structure within the limits of indoor design temperature conditions

A

Passive cooling

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18
Q

A part of the architecture, in both its historical, theoretical, and technical perception combining aesthetic and psychological qualities of light, orientation, cross-section, finishes, and fenestration in general

A

Daylighting

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19
Q

The temperature of air measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and moisture. In construction, it is an important consideration when designing a building for a certain climate

A

Dry bulb temperature

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20
Q

The amount of water vapor that exists in a gaseous mixture of air and water

A

Relative humidity

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21
Q

Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that is deposited on the Earth’s surface

A

Wind

22
Q

A strategy of climate control using wall insulation, area, and orientation of glazing in the building shell, etc.

A

Static control

23
Q

The electromagnetic radiation and particles (electrons, protons, and rarer heavy atomic nuclei) emitted by the sun

A

Solar radiation

24
Q

A strategy of climate control using operable window sash, movable window insulation, adjustable sun-shading devices, etc.

A

Dynamic control

25
Q

The process of heat transfer through solid building materials in which heat energy is transmitted from particle to particle within the material

A

Thermal conduction

26
Q

A measure of solar radiation energy received on a given surface area in a given time

A

Insolation (Insident solar radiation)

27
Q

The time rate of heat flow through a unit surface area (1 sqm) of a body from one of its faces to the other, for a unit temperature difference (1F) between them

A

Conductance

28
Q

The rate of heat transfer through a material or composite such as a building assembly

A

Thermal transmission

29
Q

The time rate of heat flow through a unit area and unit thickness of a homogenous material under steady-state conditions

A

Conductivity

30
Q

The entry of cold air through joints, cracks, and faulty seals in construction, and around doors and windows

A

Infiltration

31
Q

The “fictitious” temperature of outdoor air which would produce the same rate of heat entry into the surface as occurs due to the actual combination of incident solar radiation, radiant exchange with the sky and other surroundings, and convective heat exchange with outdoor air

A

Sol-Air Temperature (SAT)

32
Q

The heat entering the interior through a glazing material exposed to the sun due to its transmission of solar radiation and due to the glazing’s inward liberation of heat absorbed within it

A

Solar heat gain

33
Q

The measure of light intensity striking a surface

A

Illuminance

34
Q

The ratio of the amount of radiant energy released (emitted) by a particular surface at a specified wavelength and temperature to the emittance of an ideal “blackbody” at the same wavelength and temperature

A

Emittance

35
Q

The ratio of the amount of radiant energy transmitted through specified thickness of a substance at a specified wavelength to the total amount of radiant energy incident upon its surface

A

Transmittance

36
Q

A measure of the insulation value or resistance to heat flow of building elements or materials

A

Thermal resistance

37
Q

The transfer of heat by the movement of a liquid or gas

A

Convection

38
Q

The process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from a space, usually through air exchange with the out-of-doors

A

Ventilation

39
Q

Convective heat transfer propelled by pressure differences. It may be induced by pumps, fans, or blowers, or acting upon the exterior of buildings, by the wind (although the wind is purely natural convection occurring on a regional scale).

A

Forced convection

40
Q

A system in which a coolant is circulated by convection caused by a difference in density between the hot and cold portions of the liquid

A

Thermosiphon

41
Q

The transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic radiation

A

Thermal radiation

42
Q

A large amount of heat is absorbed by water in its change of phase, and the specific quantity required effecting the change from liquid at a given temperature at the same temperature

A

Latent heat

43
Q

The rate of evaporation depends primarily upon the difference in vapor pressure between the ambient outdoor air and the very thin film of vapor-saturated air that resides at the surface of the water

A

Evaporative surface cooling

44
Q

The temperature at which water evaporates into the air can bring the air into saturation “adiabatically” at the same temperature

A

Wet-bulb temperature

45
Q

The problem inherent in using the roof as an evaporative cooling surface to extract heat from the interior is identical to that of coupling the interior to the roof as a radiator

A

Heat extraction

46
Q

A measure of a material’s ability to reject solar heat, as shown by its temperature rise under full sun

A

Solar reflective index (SRI)

47
Q

A solar heating system consisting of a masonry thermal storage wall placed between the solar aperture and the heated space

A

Trombe wall

48
Q

The sector of the sky as seen from a daylight aperture or building surface. It can be measured in either section or as a three-dimensional solid angle. The larger the area of the sky and the higher the daylight factor in the room.

A

Sky view factor

49
Q

The upwind side of a building or obstruction that faces the direction, from which the wind blows, usually subjected to higher pressure

A

Windward

50
Q

The maximum buildable volume on a site that will not shade adjacent sites during specified dates and times

A

Solar gain

Tropical (3 decks)

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