Atlas Tropical & Green Architecture 1 Flashcards
Encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count, and other meteorological elemental measurements in a given region over long periods
Climate
The present condition of these elements and their variations over shorter periods
Weather
The regional climate of a broad area which can include an area on the scale of tens to hundreds of kilometers
Macroclimate
The climatic conditions of a specific localized area, usually measured in terms of tens of yards, sometimes hundreds of yards
Mesoclimate
Refers to areas as small as a few square feet (for example a garden bed) or as large as many square miles
Microclimate
A storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain
Tropical cyclone
A mature tropical cyclone that develops in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean between 180 degrees and 100 degrees E
Typhoon
Traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation & precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea
Monsoon
The monsoon that brings heavy rains to most of the archipelago from May to October (SW - Habagat)
Summer monsoon
The monsoon that brings cooler and drier air from December to February (NE - Amihan)
Winter monsoon
December to February
Winter (cool & dry)
March to May
Summer (hot & dry)
June to November
Rainy
Daylight when the sun is above the horizon
Solar radiation
The important characteristic of earth’s atmosphere which determines the wind & weather patterns
Pressure
Force per unit area exerted on the earth’s surface by the weight of the air above the surface; measured by mercury or aneroid barometer
Atmospheric or Air Pressure
The ambient air temperature. The air temperature is indicated by a thermometer not affected by the moisture of the air.
Dry-bulb temperature
A type of temperature measurement that reflects the physical properties of the system with a mixture of a gas and a vapor, usually air & water vapor; indicated by a moistened thermometer bulb exposed to airflow
Wet-bulb temperature
The temperature at which water vapor starts to condense out of the air (the temperature at which air becomes completely saturated)
Dew point
The fictitious temperature of the outdoor air which, in the absence of radiative exchanges on the outer surface of the roof or wall, would give the same rate of heat transfer through the wall or roof as the actual combined heat transfer mechanism between the sun, the surface of the roof or wall, the outdoor air and the surrounding
Solar air temperature
Amount of moisture present in the air
Absolute humidity
Weight of unit vapor per unit weight of air
Specific humidity
The partial pressure of water vapor present in the air
Vapor pressure
Amount of water in the air measured using a hygrometer
Relative humidity
Data in the form of total monthly rainfall of maximum rainfall in a 24-hour period; mainly rainfall but could also be dew; measured using the gauge in inches or centimeters
Precipitation
Resistance to heat
R-value
Conducting of heat, heat transfer
U-value
Advertising “green” products that are not
Greenwashing
The measure of contribution to greenhouse gasses
Global warming potential
Decrease ozone
Ozone depletion potential
A deflection of moving objects when they are viewed in a rotating reference frame is caused by the rotation of the Earth and the inertia of the mass experiencing the effect
Coriolis effect
- Solar radiation
- Tilt of the Earth’s axis
- Thermal balance
- Winds
- Topography
Climatic factors
- Solar radiation
- Longwave radiation
- Air temperature
- Atmospheric humidity
Climatic elements
- UV radiation
- Visible light
- Short infrared radiations (radiant heat)
Solar radiation
- Radiant heat affects the structure
- Direct short wave radiation
- Diffused short wave radiation
- Reflected short wave radiation
Solar radiation
- Absolute humidity
- Specific humidity
- Vapor pressure
- Relative humidity
Atmospheric humidity
Concerned with the design in tropical countries
Tropical design
Northeast winds
Amihan
Southwest winds
Habagat
Amihan months
November to April
Habagat months
May to October
- Orientation
- Building design
- Building envelope
- Fenestration
- Building materials
- Landscape
Design considerations
The apparent significant seasonal-&-hourly positional changes of the sun (& length of daylight) as the earth rotates & orbits around the sun
Sunpath
Sometimes referred to as elevation, the angle between the object and the observer’s local horizon
Altitude
An angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system; vector from an observer (origin) to a point of interest is projected perpendicularly onto a reference plane
Azimuth
The design of buildings & spaces (interior-exterior-outdoor) based on local climate, aimed at providing thermal and visual comfort, making use of solar energy & other environmental sources
Bioclimatic factors
The basic element of bioclimatic design
Passive solar system
The main objectives of bioclimatic design
To save energy & to provide thermal comfort for the residents
Operate without any mechanical parts or additional power supply & warm or cool buildings naturally
Passive systems
A cooling system using a building’s design & construction to maintain a comfortable temperature within the building
Passive cooling
