BRONZE Musculoskeletal Conditions

Question 1

What is compartment syndrome? Cause?

Answer 1

Elevated compartment pressure in the lower leg which results in ischemia and necrosis to the surrounding nerves and musculature

Cause: Result of direct trauma and/or fracture

Question 2

What are the 6 ‘P’s’ of compartment syndrome?

Answer 2

Pain
Palpable tenderness
Paresthesia 
Paresis 
Pallor
Pulselessness

Question 3

What surgical procedure may be done to release the pressure associated with compartment syndrome?

Answer 3

Fasciotomy

Question 4

What is a Colle’s fracture? What is the most common MOI?

Answer 4

Transverse fracture of the distal radius occurring due to direct trauma

MOI = Falling on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)

Question 5

What deformity is commonly seen with a Colle’s fracture?

Answer 5

Dinner fork deformity of the wrist and hand which results from dorsal or posterior displacement of the distal fragments of the radius with a radial shift of the wrist and hand

LOOK UP A PICTURE, IT HELPS

Question 6

What is DeQuervain’s tenosynovitis?

Answer 6

Inflammation/degeneration of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons near the anatomical snuff box

Question 7

List 4 clinical signs of DeQuervain’s tenosynovitis.

Answer 7

Pain at anatomical snuff box
Swelling
Decreased grip and pinch strength
Positive Finkelstein’s test

Question 8

What is myositis ossificans? Causes?

Answer 8

Abnormal calcification of muscle

Causes:
Direct trauma to the muscle
Intense therapy or early mobilization following injury to a muscle

Question 9

What 3 muscles are most prone to developing myositis ossificans?

Answer 9

Quadriceps
Biceps
Brachialis

Question 10

What are the early versus late signs and symptoms of myositis ossificans?

Answer 10

Early = swelling, tenderness and bruising over the affected area

Late = hard lump in the muscle, increased pain and decreased ROM

Question 11

What is osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 11

Separation of articular cartilage from underlying bone

In severe cases, the bone fragment detaches from the articular surface, forming a loose body in the joint

Question 12

What areas of the body are most commonly affected by osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 12

Knee (medial femoral condyle)
Elbow
Ankle

Question 13

What may cause osteochondritis dissecans?

Answer 13

Repetitive compressive forces or microtrauma

Question 14

What is osteomyelitis? Cause?

Answer 14

Infection that occurs within the bone

Cause: Secondary to Staphylococcus aureus

Question 15

List 5 signs and sxs associated with osteomyelitis.

Answer 15

Fever
Chills
Localized pain, edema and erythema

Question 16

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 16

Entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve or one of its branches within the tarsal tunnel

Question 17

List 2 possible causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome.

Answer 17

Overpronation
Overuse of the long flexor and posterior tibialis muscles which results in inflammation of the tendons which compress the posterior tibial nerve

Question 18

List the sxs associated with tarsal tunnel syndrome (3).

Answer 18

Pain, numbness and paresthesia along the medial ankle to plantar surface of the foot

Question 19

What imaging study is used to confirm the presence of tarsal tunnel syndrome? (2)

Answer 19

EMG

Nerve conduction velocity study

Question 20

What is the most common ligament injury in the hand? Cause?

Answer 20

UCL sprain of the thumb

Cause: excessive valgus force is applied to the MCP joint of the thumb

Question 21

What are 2 alternative names for a UCL ligament sprain?

Answer 21

Gamekeeper’s thumb

Skier’s thumb

Question 22

What is the clinical presentation for a UCL ligament sprain?

Answer 22

Pain, swelling and ecchymosis along the medial side of the thumb.

Question 23

What structure is affected with a Boxer’s fracture?

Answer 23

Fracture of the neck of the fifth metacarpal