Brønsted-Lowry Acid-base Theory Flashcards
What are acids according to BL acid base theory
Proton (H+) donors
What is a base according to BL acid-base theory
Proton (H+) acceptors, has a lone pair of electrons which can form a dative covalent bond with a proton
What do acid-base reactions involve
The transfer of a proton
What is a H3O+ ion called
Hydronium ion
What is a conjugate acid-base pair
2 species that transform into each other by gain/loss of a proton
What does species that loses protons turn from and into
From acid to conjugate base
What does species that gains protons change from and into
Changes from base to conjugate acid
What is the definition of pH
pH= -log *10 [H+(aq)]
Measure of hydrogen ion concentration
What is the difference between strong and weak acid in terms of dissociation of ions
Strong acid complete dissociation when dissolved in water (arrow), weak acids partial (reversible arrow)
Name of five strong acids
Hydrochloric, nitric, hydroiodic, perchloric and chloric acid
Name of five weak acids
Sulfurous, methanoic, phosphoric, nitrous and hydrofluoric acid
What are monoprotic/mono basic acids
Acids that can donate one proton per molecule, one mole of the acid neutralises one mole of hydroxide ions
What are dibasic/diprotic acids
Acids that can donate two protons per molecule, one mole of the acid neutralises two moles of a base
When does an acid turn into its conjugate base
When it loses a proton
When does a base turn into its conjugate acid
When it gains a proton
