Bronchogenic Carcinoma and Mesothelioma

Question 1

Bronchogenic carcinoma?

Answer 1

malignant neoplasm of lung arising from epithelium of bronchus or bronchiole

Question 2

What is the most common type of lung cancer?

Answer 2

adenocarcinoma

Question 3

What is a hallmark radiological sign that you may see of one who has a bronchogenic carcinoma?

Answer 3

“coin” lesion

Question 4

What are some radiological manifestations of BC?

Answer 4

1. Hilar enlargement & increased density.
2. Bronchial obstruction.
3. Pulmonary mass lesion.
4. Pulmonary nodule.
5. Mediastinal involvement (LN/other structures)
6. Pleural effusion.
7. Chest wall involvement.
8. Bone involvement.
9. Metastases.

Question 5

Be able to make a chart listing the different paraneoplastic syndromes associated with different types of lung cancers and the effects on the body,

Answer 5

Reproduce the chart.

Question 6

Be able to name some symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome.

Answer 6

Question 7

Based of some positioning of tumors in BCs there may be involvement of other structures. What may involvement of the esophagus, phrenic nerve, recurrent laryngeal N., SVC, pulmonary artery, pericardium, and pulmonary vein present in BC?

Answer 7

Question 8

Is squamous cell carcinoma more linked to men or women?

Answer 8

men

Question 9

Does sq. cell carcinoma have a strong link to smoking?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

Describe serum levels of an individual with PTHrP secreting tumor.

Answer 10

There will be parathyroid like hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia

calcium increased
PTH decreased
Vitamin D will be low to normal

Question 11

What is a characteristic hallmark upon histology of a person with squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 11

Keratin pearls and intercellular bridges

Question 12

Can sq. cell carcinoma of the lungs stain with Pap stain?

Answer 12

Yes it may stain with pap stain as with sq. cell carcinoma of the cervix

Question 13

How would you treat an individual with a sq cell carcinoma?

Answer 13

surgical resection (early stages)

chemotherapy and/or radiation (late stages)

Question 14

What is the most common subtype of adenocarcinoma that is common in non-smokers and females?

Answer 14

bronchial

Question 15

Which type of cancer is considered cancer of Clara cells?

Answer 15

adenocarcinoma (bronchioalveolar type)

Question 16

What are Clara cells?

Answer 16

mucin-secreting cells or type II pneumocytes

Question 17

Which type of lung cancer can predispose and individual to hypertrophic osteoarthropathy?

Answer 17

bronchioalveolar type

Question 18

How can you go about treatment of adenocarcinomas?

Answer 18

surgical resection
(if early stage)

chemotherapy and/or radiation
(if late stage)

Question 19

Upon histology what is a hallmark feature of small cell carcinoma?

Answer 19

Kulchitsky cells

Question 20

What are Kulchitsky cells?

Answer 20

small, dark blue cells

Question 21

Can large cell carcinoma be associated with gynecomastia and galactorrhea?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

What is the preferred modality of treatment for large cell carcinoma?

Answer 22

surgery

Question 23

Gold standard for diagnosing mesothelioma?

Answer 23

EM

Question 24

What are features on EM of mesothelioma?

Answer 24

shows cells with large number of long, slender microvilli

monofilaments also present

Question 25

Treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma?

Answer 25

surgery in early stages and if lesion is localized

radiation and/or chemotherapy if lesion is diffuse/metastatic

Question 26

Primary cancers that most commonly metastasize to the lung are from what organs mostly?

Answer 26

breast

colon

kidney