Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Basis of Animal Production > Broilers > Flashcards

Broilers Flashcards

1
Q

what is #1 state in broiler production?

A

Georgia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the Advantages of Poultry Production VS other species

A
  • High Feed Efficiency
  • Fast return of Investment
  • Income Spread throughout the year
  • High return compared to feed and energy costs
  • Low land requirements
  • Adaptability: small to very large operations
  • Integration with feed producing and processing plants: know-how access
  • High levels of mechanization –low labour costs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the Disadvantages of the Poultry Industry

A
  • Sensitive to diseases and parasites –Potential for high losses
  • High levels of management skills
  • Large Operations need large amounts of start-up capital
  • Careful control of product quality
  • Careful marketing
  • Problems with water disposal and manure management: High environmental costs
  • In Many countries poultry compete with humans for feedstuffs, particularly cereals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the origin of the chicken?

A

red jungle fowl (india/SE Asia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are chicken bred for?

A
  • meat production
  • layers
  • dual purpose
  • ornamental breeds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the important breeds of chicken?

A
  • White Leghorn (mediterranean)
  • White cornish (english)
  • Australorp (australian)
  • plymouth rock (american)
  • New Hampshire (american)
  • Rhode Island Red (american)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the white cornish used for?

A

Used in the development of modern meat industrial crosses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What chicken is particularly well adapted to the tropics?

A

Australorp (australian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the Plymouth Rock (white) used for?

A

important influence in development of broiler strains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What strains were used to create broiler strains?

A
  • Plymouth Rock (American)
  • New Hampshire (american)
  • Rhode Island Red (american)
  • White Cornish (english)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the organization of the poultry industry?

A
  • typical pyramid organization
  • Genetics/Selection farms (primary breeders)
  • Reproduction Farms (breeders + hatchery)
  • Production farms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What has made the improvement of performance of broiler chickens possible?

A
  • Genetics –Optimized growth strains
  • Improvement in feeding and nutrition
  • Improvement in health management
  • Improvement in equipment and facilities design and building
  • Environmental control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the general characteristics of management in broiler production?

A

• Animals are raised in a “All In All Out” System
• Process begins with the arrival of 1 day old chicks brought in from the
parent farm
• Process ends when animals reach market weight and are removed from
the farm and transported to the processing plant
• The whole process takes about 6-7 weeks and facilities are sanitized
between the two flocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of housing facilities for broilers

A
  • Enclosed housing
  • Limit exposure to disease-carrying wild birds and animals
  • Exclude predators, pests (rodents and insects)
  • Provide a source of heat for brooding and ventilation to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, moisture, and ammonia
  • Well insulated
  • Well ventilated
  • Build with metal, wood or a combination of both
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is stocking density?

A

Refers to the number of animals (or weight of animals) per area
•Varies with species, weight/age of the animal
•Combine animal productivity and animal welfare
•Is defined by local, state, national animal welfare regulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What feeder systems are used to feed broilers?

A

•Fully automated, consisting of a line that transport feed from an outside deposit through a metal tube containing an auger into a bin and a series of pans of about 12 inches in diameter (feed 45-80 birds).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What drinker systems are used in broiler production

A
  • Until the early nineties open water systems were used (bells, cups, etc.) –not very hygienic
  • Presently, closed water systems are preferred
18
Q

What are the advantages of the closed water systems?

A
  • Less prone to contamination

* Less leakage

19
Q

How do closed water systems work?

A
  • Closed water systems dispense water when the chickens peck at a metal trigger or nipple;
  • Movement of the trigger up and down or side-to-side allows water to flow from the water line pipe to the nipple.
20
Q

Why are lighting systems so important for broilers?

A
  • Light intensity and photoperiod directly influence the time broiler chickens spend eating along with the general health
  • A period of darkness improves feed efficiency due to reduced metabolism during darkness and complements normal diurnal rhythms of bone mineralization and digestion
21
Q

What is the recommended lighting system?

A

4-6hrs dark / 20-18hrs light

22
Q

What lights are used on broiler farms?

A

incandescent/fluorescent light bulbs

23
Q

What are heating and ventillation systems critical to poulty production?

A
  • Inadequate temperatures may lead to heat/cold stresses –high mortality, insufficient weight gain, poor conversion rates
  • Ventilation is essential to provide adequate oxygen to support the metabolic needs of the chickens, control relative humidity to maintain litter conditions, and remove carbon and monoxide (CO), dusts and ammonia.
24
Q

What does the bedding used for broilers do?

A

•Bedding dilutes excreta, absorbs faecal moisture, promotes drying of manure, provides a cushion for breast muscle and feet, and insulates the floor during cold weather;

25
Q

What are the characteristics of ideal bedding for broilers?

A

•Should be lightweight, highly absorbent, able to dry quickly, soft and compressible, inexpensive, useful as fertilizer, non-dusty, and free of pesticide residues, mould, and pathogens

26
Q

How often should litter/bedding of broilers be changed?

A

Ideally change litter with a new flock; 3-4 inches depth

27
Q

What are some examples of litter/bedding?

A

Pine shavings and rice hulls. Alternative sources: sand, chopped straw, shredded paper, etc.

28
Q

What are the two phases of broiler production?

A
  • Brooding (0-14days) - until feathering.

- Grow out (14-42days)

29
Q

Why do farmers use brooders during the brooding phase in broiler production?

A

the chicks are very sensitive to low temperatures. A brooder can help indicate if its too hot, cold, drafty, or bright.

30
Q

How many different diets may be fed to broilers throughout their lives?

A

4-6

- Separate feed formulations are used for pre-starter, starter, grower, finisher, and withdrawal rations

31
Q

What feeds are used during the brooder phase and why?

A
  • During the brooder period, pre-starter and starter feeds are presented to the chicks in the form of crumbles
  • Prestarter feeds need to provide nutrients that are easily digested
  • Prestarter and starter feeds stimulate a good appetite and maximize nutrient intake to support a high growth rate.
32
Q

How are feeds presented to chickens in the grow-out phase?

A

as pellets

33
Q

What effect do high energy rations have on broilers?

A

•High energy rations optimize live weight gain and feed conversion but may result in higher carcass fat content and a higher incidence of metabolic disorders

34
Q

What effect do diets with optimal crude protein and amino acids have on broilers?

A

•Diets with optimal crude protein and amino acids may produce slower weight gains and poorer feed conversion but yield more lean muscle in carcasses

35
Q

What influences the formulation of broiler rations?

A

availability of raw materials and their cost, age and sex of chickens in the house, and desired live weights at slaughter

36
Q

What are broiler rations essentially composed of?

A

corn and soybean meal

37
Q

What percentage of broiler meat production costs does food take up?

A

80-85% of production costs

38
Q

When broilers reach a marketable age, what happens to them?

A

they are sent to processing plants, abattoirs, or slaughterhouses

39
Q

How are poultry houses cleaned between flocks?

A
  • Removing equipment, manure and litter
  • Scraping, brushing, hosing the floor, clean the equipment
  • Spraying disinfectant to walls, ceilings
  • Use new clean dry litter
  • Leave the house/shed empty for some time (2 weeks)
40
Q

What are the steps involved in poultry processing? (8)

A
  1. Arrival and loaded onto the chain
  2. Stunning
  3. Killing/bleeding
  4. Scalding
  5. Defeathering
  6. Mechanical evisceration
  7. chilling
  8. weighing, cutting, and packaging

Basis of Animal Production (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions