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Ireland & The Union - A LEVEL HISTORY > BRITISH REACTION : FROM RESISTANCE TO ACCEPTANCE > Flashcards

BRITISH REACTION : FROM RESISTANCE TO ACCEPTANCE Flashcards

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1
Q

What % of the population in Ireland was Catholic?

A

80%

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2
Q

When was the American War of Independence?

A

1776

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3
Q

When were the British defeated in America?

A

1783

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4
Q

Poynings Law

A

Declared all of the Irish parliament’s legislation to require the approval of the British parliament.

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5
Q

When did the French Revolution begin?

A

1789

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6
Q

Catholic Committee

A

An organisation of Catholic gentry.

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7
Q

When did the Catholic Committee send the delegation about the Penal Laws to London?

A

1793

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8
Q

Catholic Relief Act 1793

A

Removing the majority of barriers to Catholics except the right to hold public office.

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9
Q

What was the motivation behind the Catholic Relief Act of 1793?

A
  • The impending war with the new French Republic and wish to call Irish troops to support them.
  • Avoid making Irish Catholics a potential ally for France.
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10
Q

What was British policy towards Ireland dictated by during the Catholic Relief Act?

A

External circumstances rather than popular sympathy.

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11
Q

When was The Act of Union?

A

1801

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12
Q

What did the Act of Union do?

A
  • Removed Irish parliament
  • British took control of all Irish affairs.
  • Irish allowed 100 seats in the legislative body.
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13
Q

Treaty of Amiens 1802

A

Temporarily ended hostilities between France and Great Britain during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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14
Q

Oath of Supremacy

A

Precluded Catholics holding public office

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15
Q

What did William Pitt try to amend?

A

The Oath of Supremacy

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16
Q

When did Pitt resign from office?

A

Feb 1801

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17
Q

What did the British intend with the Act of Union?

A
  • Enjoy same privileges as British.

- Protestant minority in Ireland strengthened as part of Protestant majority.

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18
Q

London Gordon Riots 1780

A

Violent anti-Catholic protests following the proposal to reduce Catholic discrimination laws and forging a formal union with Ireland.

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19
Q

The Maynooth Grant 1845

A
  • Proposed to increase government spending on a Catholic seminary (training college for priests).
  • Royal College of St Patrick.
  • Initially £8,000.
  • Increased in 1845, £26,000 together with a £30,000 sum.
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20
Q

When was the Maynooth Grant made?

A

1845

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21
Q

What did Robert Peel hope with the Maynooth Grant of 1845?

A
  • A goodwill gesture to Ireland.

- Detach moderate Catholics from the repeal movement itself.

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22
Q

Who opposed the Maynooth Grant of 1845?

A

Conservative MP’s, John Plumptre most vocal.

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23
Q

How much votes did the Maynooth Grant secure in parliament?

A

326 votes to 176.

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24
Q

Where did majority of Irelands income come from?

A

Farming

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25
Q

What occupation did a significant of the country’s population hold?

A

Tenant farmers or labourers on other people’s farms.

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26
Q

Tenant Farmers

A

A person who rents the land that they farm.

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27
Q

When did protests about opposition to costs of rents take place?

A

1879

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28
Q

Land War 1879-1882

A
  • Co-ordinated by Land League.

- Catholic discontent.

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29
Q

When was the Land War?

A

1879-1882

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30
Q

What was a consequence of the Land War?

A

In the 1880 Election the IPP won 63 out of 100 seats.

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31
Q

What was William Gladstone’s solution to the Land issue?

A

An act of conciliation like Peel.

32
Q

The Irish Coercion Act 1881

A

Allowed authorities in Ireland to arrest and detain, without the need for evidence or a trial, anyone who they felt was committing an offence.

33
Q

What can the Irish Coercion Act of 1881 be seen as?

A

A last resort rather than a first response, a shift which marked a more sympathetic attitude from Britain towards problems in Ireland.

34
Q

When was Gladstone first administered?

A

1868

35
Q

Clerkenwell Prison Bombing, December 1867

A
  • To support Fenian rising Burke employed in November to acquire weapons from Birmingham.
  • Arrested and imprisoned whilst doing so.
  • His Fenian colleagues by blowing up prison door with gunpowder in a wheelbarrow.
  • 12 killed, 120 injured.
36
Q

When was the Clerkenwell Prison Bombing?

A

December 1867

37
Q

What were William Gladstone’s reasons to support the measure?

A
  • Own sense of morality.

- Political motivation to support home rule.

38
Q

When was the first attempt of Home Rule?

A

1886

39
Q

What was the first HR offering?

A
  • Recognise Ireland’s claim to nationhood.
  • Renounce Britains right to legislate.
  • Exception of defence, trade, coinage and foreign treaties.
  • Daily business still conducted by Lord Lieutenant.
40
Q

How many votes was the first Home Rule bill defeated by?

A

30

41
Q

When was the attempt for the second Home Rule bill?

A

1893

42
Q

How many votes was the 2nd HR bill defeated by in the House of Lords?

A

419 votes

43
Q

Why was the 3rd Home Rule bill easier to achieve?

A

Liberals needed the support of John Redmond and the IPP.

44
Q

When was the 3rd HR bill proposed in the Commons?

A

11 April 1912

45
Q

Who did the 3rd HR bill exclude?

A

Northern opponents

46
Q

Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922

A
  • Ireland would legislate for itself, but as a nation within the British Empire.
  • Ireland would have fiscal autonomy.
  • The country would still share the British monarch and swear oath of allegiance.
  • Northern Ireland could choose to secede and return to Britain if it wanted to.
47
Q

When did the Irish Free State Constitution Act pass?

A

5 December 1922

48
Q

When did Northern Ireland decide to stay with Britain?

A

7 December 1922

49
Q

What was William Pitt’s intention in Ireland?

A

Prevent further losses to the empire, his Catholic reforms were as a damage limitation and attempting to reinforce a position.

50
Q

What happened during the French Revolution?

A
  • Death of Louis XVI

- Installation of a republic similar to America.

51
Q

What was Pitt’s intended reform he wanted to introduce initially after the United Irishmen in 1798?

A

Wanted to make the pair a free trade area

52
Q

How much of the population did the Protestants make up?

A

1/8th

53
Q

The Irish Church Act 1869

A

Disestablished the Church and gave it the same standing as the Catholic Church.

54
Q

Who opposed the Irish Church Act of 1869?

A
  • Conservative party

- The Queen

55
Q

Absentee Landlordism

A

Landlords rent out land and make a profit from it in an area in which they do not live.

56
Q

How many tenant farmers were there in 1870?

A

500,000

57
Q

The Land Act 1870

A
  • Granted legal rights to tenants.
  • Compensation in the event of wrongful eviction.
  • Rents can’t be excessive to avoid rack-renting.
58
Q

Rack-renting

A

Charging excessive rents for the sole purpose of maximising profit.

59
Q

Universities Bill 1873

A

Abolish all the colleges and unite them within an expanded Dublin University, which would then become a secular institution.

60
Q

What was higher education in Ireland facilitated by?

A

Dublin University and it’s single college Trinity College

61
Q

How many votes did the Universities Bill of 1873 fail by?

A

3

62
Q

Why did Herbert Asquith pursue Home Rule?

A

Out of political necessity rather than any moral principle

63
Q

Parliament Act 1911

A

Limited the powers of the House of Lords

64
Q

Buckingham Palace Conference 1914

A
  • George V and Asquith arranged a conference between the British Government, Unionists and Irish Nationalists,
  • Lasted 3 days
  • Achieved nothing
  • IP unprepared to compromise
65
Q

Why could Asquith not effectively deal with the situation?

A

Dependant on the Irish Party and operating from a position of weakness in regard to the Unionists.

66
Q

When was the new coalition between Liberal and Conservative formed?

A

December 1916

67
Q

Under Asquith, what differences was David Lloyd George asked to resolve?

A

Between the Unionists and the Irish Party following the Easter Rising

68
Q

The Government of Ireland Act

A
  • Creation of a six-country Northern Ireland which would have its own government, including a separate parliament.
  • Creation of a 26-county Southern Ireland which would have a separate government and its own parliament
69
Q

What was the decision to partition based upon?

A

That it would be a temporary measure and it would be reunited when political and religious tensions relax.

70
Q

What did Dail Eireann want?

A

An Irish Republic

71
Q

How many policemen killed in 1919?

A

18

72
Q

Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920

A

Replaced trial by jury with court-martial

73
Q

What reputation did the Black and Tans have and why?

A

Bad because of their violent and indiscriminate attacks

74
Q

What were some of the Black and Tans attacks?

A

Bloody Sunday and the burning of Cork city centre

75
Q

What were the final terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921?

A
  • Dominion status
  • British monarch would be head of state
  • Oath of loyalty required
  • Boundary commission for Northern Ireland
76
Q

Why was the Anglo-Irish treaty a victory for Britain?

A

Able to retain Ireland within the Empire and with the King as head of state

Ireland & The Union - A LEVEL HISTORY (5 decks)

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