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Grade 11 AS History 2024 > British imperial policy up to 1902 > Flashcards

British imperial policy up to 1902 Flashcards

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1
Q

“imperial policy” refers to two main things. What are they?

A
  1. Relations between different European powers. 2. Reasons for imperial expansion
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2
Q

When did the Fashoda incident occur?

A

1898

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3
Q

Which two European countries were involved in the Fashoda incident?

A

Britain and France

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4
Q

Where is Fashoda?

A

Sudan

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5
Q

What was the Fashoda incident?

A

A series of territorial desputes between Britaina and France over control of North African territory.

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6
Q

Why did Britain want to expand past Fashoda?

A

They wanted to build a railway from the Cape of Good Hope to Cairo.

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7
Q

Why did France want to expand past Fashoda?

A

They hoped to extend France’s dominion across Central Africa and the Sudan.

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8
Q

How was the Fashoda incident resolved?

A

They agreed that the watershed of the Nile and the Congo rivers should mark the frontier between their respective spheres of influence.

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9
Q

What did Britain get out of the Fashoda incident?

A

The British position in Egypt was confirmed.

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10
Q

What did France get out of the Fashoda incident?

A

France consolidated all their gains west of the watershed of the Nile and Congo rivers.

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11
Q

When was the Fashoda incident ended?

A

1899

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12
Q

Why did Britain take control of Egypt? (List 3 reasons)

A
  1. The Fashoda incident. 2. British control over the Suez Canal 3. British control over the route to India
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13
Q

Why was the Suez Canal so important?

A

It linked Western Europe to Asia without having to sail around the whole of Africa.

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14
Q

Why was it important for the British to have an easy route to India?

A

India was a lucrative colony of Britain.

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15
Q

In which year did Britain adopt the two-power standard?

A

1889

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16
Q

Why did Britain adopt the two-power standard?

A

Fears over rival naval powers France and Russia.

17
Q

What was the two-power standard?

A

A British policy which stated that the strength of the British Navy was to be maintained at a level stronger than the combined strength of Russia and France.

18
Q

In what year did Britain begin to fear expanding German naval power?

A

1898

19
Q

Who was President Paul Kruger?

A

The president of the Boer republics in South Africa

20
Q

Who sent the Kruger Telegram?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II

21
Q

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm II?

A

The emperor of Germany

22
Q

Why was the Kruger Telegram sent?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II sent the telegram congratulating President Paul Kruger on repelling the Jameson Raid.

23
Q

What was the Jameson raid?

A

This was a raid carried out by British citizens attempting to overthrow the Boer government and seize the Boer republics.

24
Q

The Jameson Raid was a success/failure?

A

Failure

25
Q

Why did the British feel threatened by the Krugar telegram?

A

They feared that Germany was forming a friendship with the Boer government which would disadvantage British economic interests in the region.

26
Q

When was the Anglo-Japanese alliance formed?

A

1902

27
Q

Why did Britain form an alliance with Japan?

A

Due to fear over Russian expansion in the far east.

28
Q

What was British economic reasons for imperialism?

A

Industrialists put pressure on the government to colonise parts of African to gain access to resources and new markets.

29
Q

What was the period of European expansion in Africa called?

A

The scramble for Africa

30
Q

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

A

A British imperialist.

31
Q

What did Cecil Rhodes want to create?

A

A Cape to Cairo railway line.

32
Q

How would the Cape to Cairo railway line benefit Britain?

A

It would allow them to transport raw materials out of Africa, and bring finished products to sell to Africans.

33
Q

When was the First Boer War?

A

1880-1881

34
Q

When was the Second Boer War?

A

1899-1902

35
Q

What are two examples of Britain struggling to maintain control over native populations?

A
  1. The Anglo Boer Wars 2. Rebellions in India
36
Q

How did the size of the British empire impact its navy?

A

Britain invested a lot in its navy, but because its empire was so large the resources were spread thinly all over the world.

37
Q

What are two important strategic areas for Britain?

A
  1. The Cape of Good Hope 2. The Suez Canal

Grade 11 AS History 2024 (7 decks)

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