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GCSE History > British Depth: Home War front > Flashcards

British Depth: Home War front Flashcards

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1
Q

How many men immediately signed up to fight in WW1?

A

500,000

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2
Q

How many men had signed up to fight by March 1916?

A

2.5 million

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3
Q

When was conscription introduced?

A

1916

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4
Q

What were ‘conchies’?

A

Conscientious objectors

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5
Q

What did ‘conchies’ do?

A

They refused to fight for humanitarian or religious reasons

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6
Q

What did ‘conchies’ do for the war?

A

They usually did non-combatant work (e.g ambulance driving etc) but some were absolutists

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7
Q

What were absolutists?

A

They were people who refused to have anything to do with the war- they were sent to labour camps or prison

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8
Q

What were the three ways in which Britain was attacked in the war?

A

Air, Naval and Zeppelin (bombing raids)

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9
Q

In total how many zeppelin raids were there? How many people were killed by them?

A

57 raids, 564 killed and 1370 injured

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10
Q

What did DORA stand for?

A

Defence Of the Realms Act

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11
Q

Who was conscripted?

A

Anyone between the ages of 18 and 40

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12
Q

Why was conscription introduced?

A

The number of volunteers in the army was falling- December 1915 had the lowest number of recruits since the war’s beginning

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13
Q

When was DORA passed?

A

1914

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14
Q

What powers did DORA give the government?

A

Taking over businesses/land/industries and censor what people knew about the war

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15
Q

What year did the munitions crisis occur?

A

1915

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16
Q

Who was the munitions crisis exposed by?

A

The Daily Mail

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17
Q

Who was made minister of munitions?

A

David Lloyd George

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18
Q

How many women signed up to work in industry in 1915?

A

100,000

19
Q

How many women were initially given industry jobs in 1915?

A

5000

20
Q

Why did trade unions resist women working in industry initially?

A

They knew that women didn’t work for as much pay- so thought they would become more well employed than men and there wouldn’t be jobs left post-war

21
Q

What did Lloyd George do to prevent trade unions resisting women’s employment in industry?

A

Gave men and women equal pay and promised not to keep women on after the war

22
Q

What organisation was set up in 1917?

A

The Women’s Land army

23
Q

What was happening to food as the war progressed?

A

In April 1917 German U-boats were sinking 1/4 of British merchant ships

24
Q

What extreme did the food shortage reach?

A

In April 1917 Britain had only 6 weeks of wheat left

25
Q

When was voluntary rationing introduced?

A

May 1917

26
Q

Why did many workers go on strike in 1917?

A

Their wages were too low for the increasing price of food

27
Q

What happened to food supplies pre-rationing?

A

Supply was dangerously low, and the rich bought more food than needed and hoarded it, whereas the poor could barely afford anything

28
Q

When was compulsory rationing introduced?

A

early 1918

29
Q

What foods were rationed?

A

sugar, butter, meat and beer

30
Q

How did the government control bread prices?

A

In Nov 1917 they introduced the ‘nine-penny loaf’

31
Q

How did the Royal family try to support rationing?

A

They declared that they would reduce their bread consumption by 1/4 and reduce use of flour (May 1917)

32
Q

When were journalists (even then only approved ones) first allowed at the front?

A

November 1916

33
Q

Despite the issues of the first months of the war, what were people at home told?

A

Only British victories were reported or heroic resistance

34
Q

When British battleship Audacious was sunk what happened?

A

When it was sunk (in Oct 1914) it was simply not reported

35
Q

After the war what happened to the ‘paper barons’ - the heads of British newspapers?

A

The leading 12 were given knighthoods for wartime services

36
Q

What happened to newspapers that were anti-war or posted balanced views on the war?

A

They were initially tolerated but as the war continued pacifist papers (eg Tribunal) were shut down, and socialist ones (eg Daily Herald) were monitored

37
Q

What did censors examine in 1916?

A

38,000 articles, 25,000 photographs and 300,000 private telegrams

38
Q

What did leading authors do to support the war?

A

They (HG Wells, Arthur Conan Doyle, Thomas Hardy and Rudyard Kipling) signed a Declaration by Authors in support of the war

39
Q

What was the ‘Red Book’?

A

A five-volume explanation of Britain’s justification in going to war- made by Oxford University. 50,000 copies were sold

40
Q

How many war films were produced?

A

240 between 1915 and 1918 (few of which were actually commissioned)

41
Q

Who created the most famous propaganda films?

A

The British Topical committee for War Films- a group of film companies who made and sold film to the War Department

42
Q

What were the most famous war films?

A

The Empire (approx. audience of 9 million) and The Battle of the Somme (showed real footage mixed in with staged footage) -had been shown in 2000/4500 cinemas in the country after only 3 months of release

43
Q

How many people were reading daily newspapers during the war?

A

Over 1/2 of the country’s population- and this number increased through the war

44
Q

How many conchies actually were there?

A

It was in reality a very small proportion, about 16,000 out of about 8 million who were conscripted

GCSE History (10 decks)

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