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Britain thematic study Flashcards

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1
Q

why did Charles dissolve parliament?

A

they opposed his treatment of the Duke of Buckingahm

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2
Q

when did James VI become king?

A

1603

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3
Q

significance of ship tax

A

introduced in 1637. John Hampden refused to pay which publicised opposition.

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4
Q

religious tension with charles

A

he married a catholic- Henrietta Maria

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5
Q

When was Laud appointed?

A

1633

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6
Q

opposition against Laud

A

Prynn, Bastwick, Burton

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7
Q

How did Charles cause religious conflict with the Sots?

A

they had their own Presbyterian church. in 1637 he forced them to accept the Laudian prayer book. in 1638 they signed a covenant and in 1639, defeated his army.

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8
Q

explain what happened with the short parliament

A

the Scots invaded England. in 1640 he needed money to defeat them. he reconvened parliament but would not agree to their conditions.

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9
Q

what were the short parliament’s conditions?

A

no decisions without them
no raising unpopular taxes
stop Laud

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10
Q

significance of Thomas Wentworth

A

he was the earl of Strafford sent to Ireland to prevent rebellions. he returned in 1640 which lead to a Catholic uprising.

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11
Q

when did Charles call the second parliament?

A

November 1640.

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12
Q

what marked the start of the English civil war?

A

in 1642, Charles marched into parliament to arrest the 5 leaders of the opposition.

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13
Q

first battle of the English Civil War

A

Battle of Edgehill 1642

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14
Q

New Model Army leaders

A

Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax

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15
Q

first battle with the New Model Army

A

the Battle of Naseby, 1645. they had 14000 men and the king had 9000.

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16
Q

successes of the New Model Army

A

in 1646 they captured Bristol and Oxford

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17
Q

what caused the Second (English) civil war?

A

Charles was captured by the Scots in 1647. he negotiated with parliament while convincing the Scots to fight against the New Model Army. they fought at the Battle of Preston in 1648.

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18
Q

what was the Rump Parliament?

A

in 1648 Thomas pride did not let any supporters of the king into parliament.

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19
Q

when was Charles found guilty?

A

27 January 1649.

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20
Q

4 causes of the American revolution

A

by 1775, the population was 2.5 million
they were forced to pay taxes, including the 1765 stamp tax
made deals with the Indigenous Americans without consultation
no taxation without representation

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21
Q

were they justified in killing him?

A

defeat was a sign from God
taxes
society became more tolerant
Jews were invited back

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22
Q

positive views on Cromwell

A

won war against the Dutch and Spanish
restored England’s reputation
Navigation act
religious tolerance

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23
Q

negative views on Cromwell

A

appointed generals over 11 districts
Levellers imprisoned
massacred Drogheda

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24
Q

conclusion of the English civil war

A

Cromwell dies in 1658. Richard ruled until 1659. in 1660, Charles II became king.

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25
Q

Boston Massacre

A
  1. anti-British colonists threw snowballs at the soldiers. killed by soldiers.
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26
Q

Lexington Incident

A
  1. British army tried to seize gunpowder. fought by 20 000 minutemen.
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27
Q

when was the declaration of independence signed?

A

1776 in Philadelphia

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28
Q

what happened at the Battle of Yorktown?

A
  1. Cornwallis moved his soldiers to a peninsula. Washington attacked with French support from the sea.
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29
Q

consequences of the American Revolution for America

A

many moved to Canada
own system of government
inequality

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30
Q

consequences of the American Revolution for Britain

A

worse relationships with France
Australia and New Zealand used as penal colonies
trade with America
increased colonisation

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31
Q

consequences of American Revolution for the world

A

French revolution against Louis XVI

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32
Q

4 problems with the vote

A

rotten boroughs sent 2 MPs eg. Old Sarum
pocket boroughs were controlled by the wealthy
no secret ballot
potwalloper boroughs

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33
Q

Peterloo massacre

A
  1. 60 000 people met in St Peter’s fields to hear Henry Hunt. the local militia was called. 15 people were killed, 600 wounded.
    the 6 Acts: meetings with more than 50 people was treason
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34
Q

Thomas Attwood relevance

A

in 1829 he formed the BPU/. they sent a petition of 8000 signatures to parliament it was rejected.

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35
Q

political change leading to the Great Reform Act

A

in 1830 the Whigs took over under Earl Grey. King George IV died replaced by William IV. Gray tried to pass a reform 3 times but prevented by the House of Lords. he asked the king to appoint 2 Whig lords. out of fear, they passed the great Reform Act in 1832.

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36
Q

6 effects of the Great reform Act

A 
rotten boroughs
industrialists gained more representation
voters had to own property worth £10
still no secret ballot
yearly wage was only £50
only 1 in 7 men could vote
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37
Q

when was the poor law?

A

1834

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38
Q

who started Chartism and when?

A

William Lovett in 1836. in 1839 was the Chartist convention in Birmingham.

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39
Q

Chartism aims

A 
votes for all men
equal sized constituencies
voting in secret
wages for MP
no property qualifications
yearly elections
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40
Q

when were all the chartist petitions?

A

1839
1842
1848

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41
Q

what happened in Wales after the 1839 petition?

A

Chartists in South Wales marched to Newport. they planned to release leaders form prison but guards killed 22 of them.

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42
Q

who became the leader of the Chartists in 1842?

A

Feargus O’Connor

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43
Q

other beliefs of Chartism

A

education, temperance, trade unions
o’connorvilles
Northern Star

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44
Q

what happened with the third Chartist convention?

A

10 April 1848.
50 000 chartists met at kennington common. the Duke of kennington had 65 000 constables. O’connor took the petition with 2 million signatures to London. it was not accepted.

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45
Q

why did Chartism fail?

A

parliamentary opposition
standard of living increased during the 1850s
divided leadership
too many fringe groups

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46
Q

chartist success

A

5/6 aims by 1928

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47
Q

what were the corn laws?

A
  1. kept cheap foreign grain out of England so that UK landowners would keep making money.
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48
Q

who led the Anti-corn law league?

A

Richard Cobden and John Bright

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49
Q

methods of the anti-corn law league

A

public speaking, pamphlets, new technology

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50
Q

5 arguments against the corn laws

A 
laws were unfair to the poor
cheap bread lowers cost of living
people would be able to buy meat
money for industrial goods
countries could export to Britain
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51
Q

why did Peel repeal the corn laws?

A

by 1846 millions were dying in Ireland. crop failure meant more suffering would follow.

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52
Q

why did opposition against slavery increase?

A

1/3 died transatlantic
life expectancy was 27
factory reform- workers called ‘white slaves’
christian ideals

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53
Q

anti-slavery petition

A
  1. 1/4 of Manchester signed it
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54
Q

slave trade act

A

1807 Abolition of Slave Trade act made it illegal to buy new slaves.

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55
Q

name 4 abolitionist

A 
William Wilberforce 
Olaudah Equiano 
Thomas Clarkson
Granville Sharp
Hannah More
56
Q

how did Haiti became independent?

A
  1. Maroons escaped to live in the mountains. the British negotiated with them. this was impossible after the French revolution. the slaves of St. Dominique rebelled and killed their owners. Toussant L’Ouverture led them. slavery was abolished in 1804.
57
Q

when was slave ownership banned?

A

1833

58
Q

why did Wilberforce face criticism?

A

the 1833 only immediately freed those under the age of 6. everyone else was put into categories and promised freedom over4 years.

59
Q

MP who exposed child mistreatment

A

Michael Sadler. he suggested under 18s should not work for more than 10 hours.

60
Q

who was Lord Shaftesbury?

A

campaigned for factory reform in all industries

61
Q

when and what was the factory act?

A

1833
all factories except silk
no children under 9
under 13 had to attend school for 2 hours weekly

62
Q

when and what was the mines act

A

1842
women and children could not work underground
no child under 15 in charge of winding machines

63
Q

why were people against factory reform?

A

laissez-faire politics

people poor because of own choices

64
Q

who was Robert owen?

A

socialist

introduced the 8 hour work day

65
Q

Edwin Chadwick

A

lawyer influential in the poor law amendment act

66
Q

elizabeth fry

A

prison reform

67
Q

Josephine Butler

A

child prostitution, raised age of consent to 16, repeal of the Contagious Disease Act

68
Q

Luddites

A

broke machinery

69
Q

Swing Rioters

A

set farms on fire

70
Q

When and what was the combinations act?

A
  1. limited trade union meetings to conditions and wages.
71
Q

Robert Owen organisation

A

Grand National Consolidated Trade Union in 1834

72
Q

why did GNCTU fail?

A

factory workers and mine workers had different issues

73
Q

1837 strike

A

Scottish friendly association of Cotton Spinners

74
Q

how did new model unions begin?

A

1851 Amalgamated Society of Engineers

75
Q

what unions followed the ASE?

A

1860: carpenters
1866: tailors

76
Q

success of ASE numbers

A

33 000 members by 1868

77
Q

who led the Tolpuddle martyrs?

A

George Loveless

78
Q

when was Loveless arrested?

A

1834

79
Q

how did the GNCTU help the Tolpuddle Martyrs?

A

10 000 gathered including William Cobbett and Owen and Copenhagen fields.

80
Q

Tolpuddle martyrs freedom

A

14 March 1836

81
Q

New Unionism vs New Model Unions

A

New Unionism was for unskilled workers

82
Q

when and why was the match factory strike?

A

women made matches at the Bryant and May factory. they were paid 20p. in 1882, money was deducted to build of PM William Gladstone. they striked in 1888.

83
Q

Annie Besant significance

A

she wrote ‘White slaves of London’ and called for a boycott. one woman refused to deny Besant’s claims and 1400 followed.

84
Q

What did Besant do?

A

ask for higher wages
wrote articles
public meetings
marched into House of Parliament

85
Q

why did the dockers’ strike

A

wanted a raise from 5p to 6p an hour

regular hours

86
Q

who led the dockers

A

Ben Tillet

87
Q

support for the dockers

A

£30 000 from Australia

88
Q

when was the Women’s property Act?

A

1870

89
Q

Who was Millicent Fawcett?

A

she formed the National Union of Women’s Suffrage

90
Q

who formed the NUWSS?

A

Millicent Fawcett

91
Q

suffragists techniques

A

speeches
meetings
publications

92
Q

When was WSPU formed and by who?

A

in 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Sylvia and Christabel formed the Women’s social and political unions

93
Q

Richard Pankhurst

A

Emmeline’s husband

won the Married Women’s property act

94
Q

when was the WFL formed?

A

1907

95
Q

what was the WFL?

A

Women’s Freedom League

96
Q

what did the WFL do?

A

illegal action but it was non-violent

97
Q

NUWSS pilgrimage

A

1912 the government refused to sign a petition. from Carlisle to London.

98
Q

which PM supported the suffragists?

A

Henry Campbell-Bannerman.

99
Q

suffragists methods

A

heckling
1912- stone throwing
arson
200 arrested- publicity

100
Q

second time government failed to pass an act for women

A

1913

101
Q

when was Emily Davison?

A

1913

102
Q

when was the cat-and-mouse act?

A

the Prisoner’s Act of 1913

103
Q

which PM was against women in politics?

A

Henry Asquith

104
Q

describe the impact of WW1 on the feminist groups

A

WSPU and NUWSS joined the war effort
WSPU were called ‘angels of the factory’
WFL were pacifists

105
Q

describe the impact of WWI on people’s view of women

A

women could do the same jobs as men- factories, farms, nurses
level-headed decisions
women were intelligent

106
Q

1918 voting act

A

Representation of the People Act
all men + women who owned property over 21
all women over 30

107
Q

1969 act

A

Divorce Reform Act

108
Q

the 1970s and the feminist movement

A

1970: Equal Pay Act
1975: Sex discrimination Act

109
Q

what problems were faced by the mines after WWI?

A

during the war they were nationalised.
after, they became privatized and there was a fall in demand.
inefficient mines were closed and machinery was introduced.
foreign mines were more modern.

110
Q

when did the miners first decide to strike?

A

Friday 15 April 1921

111
Q

why did the miners decide to strike in 1921

A

longer work hours and lower wages

112
Q

why did the first strike in 1921 fail?

A

the railway and dockers pulled out last minute. the Trade Union Congress had called for solidarity.

113
Q

Baldwin’s actions against the strike

A

in 1925, he knew they would strike and agreed to subsidize the mines. he set up the Samuels commission for relationships between owners and miners.

114
Q

when and why did the General Strike begin?

A

3 May 1926. subsidy money ran out.

115
Q

5 government actions in the General strike

A 
Emergency Power Act
encouraged middle class students to work
propaganda with the British Gazette edited by Churchill
Baldwin made speeches about communism
armoured keys
116
Q

TUC actions in the strike

A 
newspaper the British Worker
peaceful strikes
clashes with the police
strikers travelled around
funds to help feed strikers
117
Q

how did the General Strike end?

A

on the 12 May the TUC agreed to negotiate.

118
Q

why did the miners fail in the strike?

A

ran out of money
public opinion against them
Labour party did not support them

119
Q

consequences of the General strike (5)

A

forced to return in worse conditions
union membership fell
Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act of 1927: illegal for unions to join to strike.
could not use membership money to fund strikes
weakened unions

120
Q

who was appointed as union leader after WW2?

A

Ernest Belvin

121
Q

Trade Disputes and Trade unions cat amendment

A

1947

122
Q

Empire Windrush docked

A

22 June 1948

123
Q

which law allowed people from the Caribbean?

A

British Nationality Act 1948: all 800 million people from the commonwealth could come to England

124
Q

where did TFL recruit workers from?

A

Barbados and Jamaica

125
Q

crux of conflict with the Teddy Boys

A

Notting Hill Riots 1958. 400 white boys chased Caribbean population.

126
Q

why did Malcolm X make an appearance?

A

showed his support in 1965 in Birmingham where a black man was prevented from renting property

127
Q

what problems did immigrants face?

A

language barriers
overcrowding
employment

128
Q

1962 immigrants act

A

Commonwealth Immigrants Act: work voucher

129
Q

change from work vouchers

A

1968: only move to England if a relative lived there

130
Q

what was Powellism?

A

enoch powell delivered his ‘River of Blood’ speech.

131
Q

result of Powell

A

the National Front- fascist organisation with nazi sympathies

132
Q

Race Relations Act

A

repair relationships

133
Q

battle caused by the National Front

A

Battle of Lewisham- 1976

134
Q

when and why were there riots in Brixton?

A
  1. Lewisham and economics.
135
Q

policemen wrongdoings

A

sus law
Operation Swamp 81: regular clothes
more than 1000 people in 6 days
10 April 1981: riots which lasted 3 days due to the arrest of a young black man

136
Q

racism report

A

by Lord Scarman. he said there was no institutional racism but definite prejudice.
SUS law ended. Police Complaint Authority founded.

137
Q

proof of police racism

A

1993 Stephen Lawrence murdered. policemen did not respond appropriately.

History (2 decks)

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