America 1920-1973 Flashcards
1
Q
when did the US join WWI?
A
1917
2
Q
how many homes had electricity in the 1920s?
A
70% by 1927
3
Q
tariffs in the 1920s
A
Fordney McCUmber
4
Q
first assembly line year
A
1913
5
Q
car production in the 1920s
A
by 1927, 1 car was produced every 10 seconds
6
Q
how many cars in the 1920s?
A
26 million by 1929
7
Q
farm income in the 1920s
A
dropped to $13 billion in 1928
8
Q
How did traditional industries suffer?
A
coal was replaced by oil and electricity
wool suffered from domestic competition
9
Q
1920s stock market popularity
A
20 million people owned shares by 1929
10
Q
Hoover on the stock market
A
near to the ‘final triumph’
11
Q
how many people watched the heavyweight final in 1927?
A
60 million
12
Q
NBC earnings in the 1920s
A
$150 million per year
13
Q
how many people went to the cinema weekly in the 1920s?
A
100 million
14
Q
women and jobs in the 1920s
A
10.5 million women were working by 1929
15
Q
what were supporters of temperance called?
A
dries
16
Q
Volstead Act year
A
1920
17
Q
what was the 18th amendment and when?
A
- limited manufacture and sales of alcohol
18
Q
original impact of prohibition
A
consumption fell by 30%
19
Q
name 2 famous prohibition agents
A
Isadore Einstein and Moe Smith
20
Q
gangs and alcohol
A
mad $2 billion
21
Q
who was mayor of Chicago?
A
William Hale Thompson
22
Q
what was the AAPA?
A
association against prohibition amendment
23
Q
when was prohibition repealed?
A
1933
24
Q
why did people immigrate to America?
A
cheap farmland
high living standard
persecution in Europe
the American dream
25
first immigration law
1917: literacy test
26
second immigration law
1921 Immigration quota law. 350 000 people
27
third immigration law
1924 national origins act 150 000 people
28
how many African Americans were lynched in 1921?
61
29
explain the development of the KKK
1915: Birth of a Nation
1925: 5 million members
30
KKK leader
Hiram Wesley Evans
31
which KKK member was convicted of rape and when?
David Stephenson in 1925
32
give 4 reasons for the Red Scare
1.5 million Russian Immigrants
1919 American communist party
Palmer bomb with communist paper 'Plain Words' next to bomber
in 1901 and anarchist shot McKinley
33
effects of the Red Scare
Palmer Raids arrested 6000 people
| trade unionism fell
34
Sacco and Vanzetti timeline
1921: arrested
23 August 1927: electrocuted
1977: formal pardon
35
when was Black Thursday and what happened?
24 October 1929. 13 million shares sold
36
when was Black Tuesday?
29 October 1929. 16 million shares were sold. $8 billion was lost.
37
employment due to the Depression
13 million by 1932
38
Hoover's response to the Depression
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
cut taxes by $130 million
Hawley-Smoot tariff
only $30 million out of 300 was given out
39
when was the Bonus Army MArch?
1932. 25 000 ex-soldiers marched
40
what were the 3 Rs?
relief, recovery, reform
41
FDRs victory
1932. voted by 42 out of 48 states.
42
FDR's 2 immediate changes
Economy ACt: cut government salaries by 15% saving $1 billion
Beer Act
43
list the 5 alphabet agencies
```
TVA
NRA
AAA
CCC
PWA
```
44
what was the TVA?
Tennessee valley authority. flood control and building dams.
45
what was the NRA?
national recovery administration. fair working conditions
46
what was the AAA?
agricultural adjustment act. reducing farm production.
47
what was the CCC?
civilian conservation crops. employed 2.5 million men between 18 and 25
48
what was the PWA?
public works administration. constructed schools
49
what was the second new deal?
Workers progress administration: employed people to build schools
national labour relations act (Wagner act)- improve relations between workers and employees
50
when was the second new deal launched?
1935-36
51
Huey long criticism
'share our wealth' distribute $5 million
52
Francis Townsend crticism
retire at 60
53
Charles Coughlin criticism
a priest who promised to nationalise the banks
54
name 1930s jazz artists
Duke Ellington and Glenn MIller
55
how many people attended the cinema each week in the 1930s?
60 million
56
when did superman comics begin?
1938
57
explain America's involvement in WW2
```
Neutrality Act 1935
1937 Quarantine Speech
1939 changed law
November 1939: cash and carry
7 December 1941 Pearl Harbour
```
58
extent of lend lease
$7000 million
59
how many men were killed at Pearl Harbour?
2000
60
impact of war manufacturing
```
War Production Board
produced 96 000 planes in 1944
unemployment was only 670 000
7 million women found jobs
350 000 joined the armed forces
1 million AA fought
```
61
what was the FEPC?
fair employment practice committee
| found discrimination in work
62
positive impacts of WW2 (3)
increase to 20% GNP on military
increased rights for AA
increased faith in the government
63
TV in the 1950s
9 out of 10 houses
64
US strength in the 1950s
by 1952 US supplied most of the world's goods
| 40% population increase
65
who introduced the Fair Deal and what were the aims?
Truman.
| poverty and rights of AA
66
Truman and minimum wage
40c to 75c
67
when did Eisenhower become president?
1952
68
struggles of the elderly in the 1950s
68% of people over 65 earned less than $1000 a year
69
women after WW2
salaries fell to 53% that of men
| marriage age was the youngest since 1850
70
average teenage spending
1957: $10-15 a week
1959: $25 billion
71
Presley popularity
80 top selling albums
| 1956 performance watched by 82% of Americns
72
TV in the 1950s
83% of homes owned
| dominated by commercial sponsors
73
reasons for the second Red Scare
the Ussr emerged as a Nuclear Superpower
containment was failing- china was communist
Rosenbergs were electrocuted and Alger Hiss was accused.
74
what was congress's response to the 2nd Red SCare?
HUAC- house committee of un-american activities
75
what was McCarthy's claim?
200 communists working for the government . a 5 year 'witch hunt' followed
76
examples of losses due to McCarthyism
Chaplin had to leave America
| the Hollywood 10
77
who was Clemson King?
black student committed to an asylum for applying to the University of Mississippi
78
5 examples of racial prejudice
Jim Crow laws
intimidation
law officers took part
employment
79
Mississippi voting stats
only 5% registered
80
black teachers stat
white teachers earned 30% more
81
who was the judge in Brown v Board of Education Topeka?
Chief Justice Earl Warren
82
when was Brown v Board of Education of Topeka
1954
83
explain the little rock 9
september 1957. Orval Faubus sent National guard soldiers. Eisenhower sent state troops.
84
was Brown v Board success?
by 1956, 6 southern states still did not have integrated schools
Mississippi formed a white council
by 1962, Alabama, South Carolina and Mississippi still did not have balck students in the same schools
85
when did the civil rights movement begin?
1 December 1955
86
who organised the bus boycott?
the MIA- Montgomery Improvement Association, led by King
87
impact of bus boycott
company lost 65% of income
88
end of bus boycott
December 1956, supreme court ruled bus segregation illegal
89
3 groups in response to the boycott
SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference
SNCC: student non-violent coordinating committee
CORE: congress of racial equality by James Farmer
90
when and who began sit-ins?
the SNCC in 1960
91
increase of students in sit-ins
4, 23, 400
92
impact of sit ins
desegregated in 126 cities
| 500 students organised a sit-in in Nashville. expelled. teachers threatened to leave.
93
when and who began freedom rides?
CORE in May 1961. the SNCC joined.
94
who was John Patterson?
mayor of Alabama. refused to protect freedom riders.
95
when was the Lincoln Square March?
August 1963. over 200 000 people.
96
SNCC shift to radicalism
Stokely Carmichael took over in 1966.
97
Black Panther violence
killed 9 police officers between 1967 and 1969
98
pros of black power
spread a message of disillusionment
99
cons of black power
alienated supporters
responsible for race riots
police could crack down
100
first civil rights act
2 July 1964. illegal to discriminate in public
101
impact of 1964 CIvil Rights Act
in the 20 months that followed, 430 000 aa registered to vote
102
Selma voting stats
only 2.4% registered to vote
103
second act signed by Johnson
voting rights act 1965. ended literacy tests.
104
third act signed by Johnson
civil rights act of 1968. houses could not be sold on the basis of race, religion or sex.
105
when was King assassinated?
1968
106
another name for Civil rights act of 1968
fair housing act
107
successes of Kennedy's new frontier
```
more jobs for aa
created the CEEO
made $800 million available
increased minimum wage to $1.29
social security
peace corps
```
108
failures of Kennedy's new frontier
CEEO did not actively find jobs
high tech replaced workers
congress denied medicare
109
policies of LBJ
```
operation headstart
increased minimum wage to $1.40
housing act
VISTA
job corps
medicare
immigration act
```
110
what did the Status commission of 1963 report?
women earned 60% less than men
95% of managers were men
7% of doctors were women
111
when was the Feminine Mystique published?
1963
112
when was the equal pay act?
1963
113
what was ERA?
it was going to correct the exceptions in the equal pay act but Phyllis Schlafly prevented this.
114
hen was NOW set up?
1966. 40 000 members.
115
contraception changes
legal in 1972 for unmarried women
116
Abortion
legalised in 1973 Roe v Wade
