Britain- Ireland Flashcards
How did Gladstone describe the condition in Ireland in 1844?
“a sparse population in distress”
What happened under Elizabeth I’s reign that changed the demographic of the Irish population?
- The plantation policy- Lands were sold off cheaply to British
- Most lands were in Ulster (the north of Ireland)
- Protestants bought the lands and moved across the sea or simply owned them to increase capital
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What problems were there with Irish land at the end of the 18th century?
- Absentee landlords
- Therefore a lack of reinvestment into the Irish economy
- Lack of care for the lands
- Irish people landless
When was the Act of Union? What did it do?
1800- abolished a seperate Irish parliament
When was Sinn Fein founded and what does it mean?
‘Ourselves alone’ 1908
What proportion of Irish catholics had been deprived of their lands (give a date as well linking to the policy that caused this)
- 1650s
- 80% of Irish Catholics had been deprived of their lands due to Elizabeth I’s plantation policy
What external influences caused the Irish Rebellion at the end of the 18th century?
1775- American Revolution (specifically against the British)
1789- French Revolution
1793- Britain go to war with France and fear of Fr. insighting uproar in Ireland
1798- Irish Rebellion opressed by the British with aid from the Orangemen
→ Act of Union 1800
In what way were the Irish Catholics betrayed by the Act of Union?
Act of Union 1800- promised the emancipation of Irish Catholics (giving them equal rights) however the government turned back on this promise.
[Emancipation was later granted in the early 19th century- Daniel O’Connel]
Who founded the Irish Party and when?
Daniel O’Connel 1830s
When was the Great Famine?
1840s (1845-7) a series of diseases that killed potato crops that 1/3 of the Irish population relied on (the Irish population had doubled over the space of the previous century)
When was the Fenian movement founded?
1860s and a series of bombings
How was the average Gladstonian Liberal against Home Rule
The first policy that Gladstone announced was his mission to pacify Ireland
What was the effect of the House of Lords on Home Rule Bills?
House of Lords repeatedly rejected Irish Home Rule Bills → 2 under Gladstone
What was an alternate view about the Irish religious divides?
Labour campaigner / socialist James Connolly believed that the seperation of Catholics and Protestants was a plot to maintain division in the working class.
When was the third Home Rule Bill forced through Parliament?
1912 due to the Conservative’s customary ability to veto measures passed by the commons having been destroyed by the 1911 reform of the House of Lords (the Parliament Bill)
