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History GCSE > Britain: Health and the People c1000-Present > Flashcards

Britain: Health and the People c1000-Present Flashcards

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1
Q

when was germ theory

A

1861

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2
Q

who were barber surgeons

A

medieval minor surgery/bloodletting based on experience

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3
Q

what were some beliefs about medieval treatments?

A

miasma caused it
prayer most important
God sent illness as punishment

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4
Q

between 1000-1500 how many hospitals were set up

A

700

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5
Q

who was Rhazes (Al-Razi)?

A

islamic doc who told apart measles from small pox
wrote a book ‘doubts about Galen’

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6
Q

how many books did Rhazes write

A

over 150

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7
Q

who was Avicenna

A

wrote ‘canon of medicine’
listed 700+ diff drugs
relevant until 17th century

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8
Q

who is Ibn al-Nafis

A

13th century called out Galen on the heart saying actually goes via lungs instead of liver- not accepted until 17th century

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9
Q

what are four medieval surgical procedures

A

Bloodletting
Amputation
Trepanning
Cauterisation

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10
Q

who was Abulcasis

A

Wrote 30-vol medical book in 1000
created 26 new surgical instruments/procedures
made cauterisation popular

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11
Q

who was Hugh of Lucca

A

1267 criticised view of using pus in wound
used wine to reduce infection- clashed w Hippocratic advice..

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12
Q

Who wrote ‘The Fabric of the human body’ in 1543?

A

Vesalius

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13
Q

What time period was the middle ages?

A

1000-1450

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14
Q

Who was john of arderne?

A

most famous medieval surgeon who wrote a surgical manual-Practica 1376- and used opium&henbane for pain and developed treatment for anal abscesses

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15
Q

What are some examples of medieval treatments?

A

Trepanning
blood letting
cauterisation
amputation

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16
Q

Where abouts did religion and Galen stop having a huge effect?

A

Industrial 1750-1900

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17
Q

When was early modern period?

A

1450-1750

18
Q

When was the renaissance?

A

1400-1500

19
Q

Who were important people in the middle ages?

A

barber surgeons
Galen
Apothicaries

20
Q

What animals did Galen dissect?

A

pigs and apes

21
Q

What were the 4 humours

A

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile

22
Q

What season/ element were the 4 humours?

A

blood- spring/wind
phlegm- winter/water
yellow bile- summer/fire
black bile- autumn/earth

23
Q

In medieval, what was believed caused illness?

A

God’s punishment
miasma
unbalanced humours
stars/astrology

24
Q

How did the church hinder education and training?

A

Christians controlled the universities and taught physicians to read Galen
& God punishment led to not look into real cause

25
Q

Who proved Galen wrong-example?

A

Abu al-Qasin
heart and blood flow but ignored by england

26
Q

Why was Robert Bacon arrested?

A

english monk who suggested that docs should do origial research

27
Q

What did Avicenna say was inportant when treating illness?

A

clean air and water

28
Q

What did abulcasis contribute to surgical knowledge?

A

produced a book describing complex operations and illustrations of 200+ surgery instruments

29
Q

Where was the first Islamic hospital built in AD805?

A

Bagdad

30
Q

How many times did Guy De Chauliac quote Galen in his textbook?

A

890

31
Q

What was a positive change John of Arderne contribute in medieval?

A

Treat anal abscesses - common in knights

32
Q

What % of survival rate successful in anal abscesses?

A

50%

33
Q

What was a continuity of anatomy in medieval?

A

believed body to be wrong if didn’t fit Galen’s description- dissections introducded in euro unis

34
Q

What did Mondino contribute to anatomy in medieval 1315

A

supervised a dissection and wrote a textbook on carrying out dissections

35
Q

What were privies

A

outside toilet

36
Q

what were cesspits

A

disposal of sewage pits

37
Q

who were gong farmers

A

dug out cess pits and privies for manure fertilizers

38
Q

what were lavatoriums

A

communal washing areas in monasteries

39
Q

Why were medieval towns gross?

A

crowded, dirty and no paved streets
when it rained, cesspits and streets flood with waste
no difference between clean water source and dirty

40
Q

what two businesses contributed to grossness in medieval towns?

A

tanneries(leather-making): dangerous chemicals
butchers: dump blood and guts in river

41
Q

what did medieval town councils do to help public health?

A

nothing, they thought too expensive & didn’t wanna raise taxes
no understanding of disease

History GCSE (4 decks)

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