Britain booklet 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what did the combination acts of 1799 and 1800 illegal?

A

forming trade unions

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2
Q

what did the 1813 repeal of the statute of artificers do?

A

removed regulation of wages and working conditions

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3
Q

what were the government laissez-faire policies intending to do?

A

remove obstacles slowing down the pace of profiteering, allowing market forces and entrepreneurs to dictate the rate of change?

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4
Q

which class benefitted most and grew rapidly during industrialisation?

A

the middle class

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5
Q

from 1816-1831, by what % did the middle class increase?

A

75%

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6
Q

when Richard Arkwright died in 1792, how much was he worth?

A

500 000

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7
Q

what did the steam engine in 1769 mean for factories?

A

factories no longer had to be near rivers as a power source

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8
Q

by the 1820s how many miles of navigable canals and waterways for trade were there?

A

4000

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9
Q

how much did cotton imports increase by from 1761 to 1833?

A

3 million to 300 million

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10
Q

by 1866 how many joint stock banks were there in Britain?

A

154 joint stock banks with 850 branches nation wide

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11
Q

what happened to British banks in 1826?

A

the cap was removed and they were able to reach their potential

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12
Q

what did an 1833 act of parliament allow London banks to do?

A

London banks were now able to issue cheques, increasing speed of commercial transactions

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13
Q

what did the 1847 factory act introduce?

A

10 hour working day

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14
Q

what did the repeal of combination acts in 1825 mean?

A

workers could now join unions, who began calling for the right to vote

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15
Q

what did the 1833 factory act enforce?

A

a 1.5 hour break to be provided for food in a working day

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16
Q

what was John Simon’s role in improving working conditions?

A

wrote annual health reports from 1848-55, bringing the appalling working conditions to light, influencing weekly workplace inspections to be carried out in poor parts of London

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17
Q

after 1833 factory act how many inspectors were there to cover how many textile mills?

A

4 to cover 4000 textile mills

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18
Q

what was the problem with fines carried out after the factory act?

A

inspectors regularly complained that magistrates (who were often factory owners themselves) applied fines too leniently

19
Q

when were factory act rules finally added to more industries than just textile workers?

A

1860-67

20
Q

what was whig MP lord Russel’s approach to working class?

A

sympathetic, believing reform to be the “moral thing”

21
Q

when was the swing riots?

A

1830

22
Q

how long did the swing riots last?

A

2 years

23
Q

how much damage did the swing rioyts cause?

A

600 pound riot damage and 100 000 arson damage

24
Q

what punishments were handed out after the swing riots?

A

252 death sentenced and 505 transported

25
Q

what did John Fielden do?

A

instrumental in bringing about the 1847 factory act and 10h day

26
Q

what did Michael Armstrong do?

A

wrote “factory boy” in 1840 in monthly parts for 1 shilling a month, based on the true harsh events carried out in Manchester factories

27
Q

what did the 1847 factory act do?

A

introduced 10h working day for women and children but still not men

28
Q

who was Richard Oastler?

A

tory land steward from Huddersfield with humanitarian ideals and prioritising children workers, a main speaker at short time committee meetings

29
Q

what was the population of Manchester in 1775 and then in 1801?

A

30 000 to 84 000

30
Q

what % of British inhabitants lived in london in 1801?

A

8% (around 1 million), double Paris at the time

31
Q

in the first 1/2 of the 19th century what was the increase of urban inhabitants?

A

5 million

32
Q

by 1836 how many miles of Turnpiked roads were there in England?

A

22 000

33
Q

In what year were the 4 major river systems of England linked by canals?

A

1790

34
Q

from 1838 to 1850 what was the increase of miles of railway in Britain?

A

500 miles to 6000 miles

35
Q

In 1832 how many short time committees were there?

A

26

36
Q

In 1821, what % of the working population were under the age of 20?

A

49%

37
Q

What year did Robert Peel become prime minister with the Tory government?

A

1841

38
Q

What was Robert Peels governments motivation?

A

To improve social distress within society

39
Q

In what year did children working days increase to 10.5 hours?

A

1850

40
Q

In what year were the corn laws repealed?

A

1846

41
Q

What was the average working day for a man?

A

14 hours, 6 day week

42
Q

In Sunderland 1831, how many people died of cholera?

A

32,000

43
Q

From 1801-51 by what % did urban populations increase every decade?

A

27%