Britain booklet 5 Flashcards
what did the combination acts of 1799 and 1800 illegal?
forming trade unions
what did the 1813 repeal of the statute of artificers do?
removed regulation of wages and working conditions
what were the government laissez-faire policies intending to do?
remove obstacles slowing down the pace of profiteering, allowing market forces and entrepreneurs to dictate the rate of change?
which class benefitted most and grew rapidly during industrialisation?
the middle class
from 1816-1831, by what % did the middle class increase?
75%
when Richard Arkwright died in 1792, how much was he worth?
500 000
what did the steam engine in 1769 mean for factories?
factories no longer had to be near rivers as a power source
by the 1820s how many miles of navigable canals and waterways for trade were there?
4000
how much did cotton imports increase by from 1761 to 1833?
3 million to 300 million
by 1866 how many joint stock banks were there in Britain?
154 joint stock banks with 850 branches nation wide
what happened to British banks in 1826?
the cap was removed and they were able to reach their potential
what did an 1833 act of parliament allow London banks to do?
London banks were now able to issue cheques, increasing speed of commercial transactions
what did the 1847 factory act introduce?
10 hour working day
what did the repeal of combination acts in 1825 mean?
workers could now join unions, who began calling for the right to vote
what did the 1833 factory act enforce?
a 1.5 hour break to be provided for food in a working day
what was John Simon’s role in improving working conditions?
wrote annual health reports from 1848-55, bringing the appalling working conditions to light, influencing weekly workplace inspections to be carried out in poor parts of London
after 1833 factory act how many inspectors were there to cover how many textile mills?
4 to cover 4000 textile mills
what was the problem with fines carried out after the factory act?
inspectors regularly complained that magistrates (who were often factory owners themselves) applied fines too leniently
when were factory act rules finally added to more industries than just textile workers?
1860-67
what was whig MP lord Russel’s approach to working class?
sympathetic, believing reform to be the “moral thing”
when was the swing riots?
1830
how long did the swing riots last?
2 years
how much damage did the swing rioyts cause?
600 pound riot damage and 100 000 arson damage
what punishments were handed out after the swing riots?
252 death sentenced and 505 transported
what did John Fielden do?
instrumental in bringing about the 1847 factory act and 10h day
what did Michael Armstrong do?
wrote “factory boy” in 1840 in monthly parts for 1 shilling a month, based on the true harsh events carried out in Manchester factories
what did the 1847 factory act do?
introduced 10h working day for women and children but still not men
who was Richard Oastler?
tory land steward from Huddersfield with humanitarian ideals and prioritising children workers, a main speaker at short time committee meetings
what was the population of Manchester in 1775 and then in 1801?
30 000 to 84 000
what % of British inhabitants lived in london in 1801?
8% (around 1 million), double Paris at the time
in the first 1/2 of the 19th century what was the increase of urban inhabitants?
5 million
by 1836 how many miles of Turnpiked roads were there in England?
22 000
In what year were the 4 major river systems of England linked by canals?
1790
from 1838 to 1850 what was the increase of miles of railway in Britain?
500 miles to 6000 miles
In 1832 how many short time committees were there?
26
In 1821, what % of the working population were under the age of 20?
49%
What year did Robert Peel become prime minister with the Tory government?
1841
What was Robert Peels governments motivation?
To improve social distress within society
In what year did children working days increase to 10.5 hours?
1850
In what year were the corn laws repealed?
1846
What was the average working day for a man?
14 hours, 6 day week
In Sunderland 1831, how many people died of cholera?
32,000
From 1801-51 by what % did urban populations increase every decade?
27%
