Britain Booklet 2 - Industrialisation Flashcards
How many miles of turnpiked roads in England by 1836?
22,000
How long did it take to get from Bristol to London in 1784?
16 hours
In 1830 for how many miles of turnpike road did how many miles of river navigation had been improved?
16 miles of turnpike for every one mile of improved river navigation
From which two cities was the first line for passengers as well as goods, and in what year?
From Liverpool to Manchester in 1830
By 1808 how many banks were there?
800
What year was the Banking Act and what did it do?
1826
It restricted the issuing of notes to any banks with less than 6 partners. Encouraged the formation of joint stock companies
What year was the first joint stock bank? And which bank was it?
1826
The Lancashire Banking Company
What year was the cap of 6 on bank members removed?
1826
What year was the Act of Parliament and what did it do for joint stock banks in London?
1833
permitted joint stock banks in London to issue cheques
In 1866 how many joint stock banks were there and how many branches worldwide?
154 joint stock banks with 850 branches worldwide
What did South East England specialise in for industry?
grain (agriculture)
What place was known as ‘Cottonopolis’?
Manchester
What did Lancashire and Scotland specialise in for its industry?
cattle and sheep breeding
What was the new power used to boost productivity?
steam
What was the biggest change to agriculture during 1750-1830?
enclosure of open fields
What did James Watt and Matthew Boulton make?
Rotative engine
What year was the bank of England formed?
1694
What year was a particular low point for banking and why?
1825
economic depression after the war. Many banks failed
By 1851 what was the population of London?
2.3 million
In 1750 only London and what other city had a population over how many?
Edinburgh
over 50,000
By 1851 there were how many cities with a population of 50,000 and how many with populations over 100,000?
29 for over 50,000
and 9 for over 100,000
In Manchester, carpenter’s wages between 1765 and 1795 increased from what to what percentages of the rates paid in London?
64% to 88%
From 1801-51 what percentage rate did urban areas grow at?
23%-29%
By 1800 what percentage of the population lived in towns?
25%
By 1880 what percentage of the population lived in towns?
80%
What fraction of workers were employed in manufacturing in 1801 and what did it increase to by 1871?
2/5 in 1801 increased to 2/3 by 1871
What year was the Mines Act?
1842
What did the Mines Act do?
banned the underground employment of children under 10 and women
What year was the second Factory Act? (1840s)
1844
What did the second Factory Act do?
-children aged 13-18 and women were to work a maximum of 12 hours a day
-night work for women was forbidden
-children could start working at 8 but only work half-time and not more than 6 1/2 hours a day
What year was the third Factory Act?
1847
What did the third Factory Act do?
-introduced the 10 hour working day for women and children
In 1867 the Factory Act was extended to all factories employing how many workers?
50 or more
List three problems for people living in inner cities
-crowded living space
-diseases spread fast
-unsanitary water supply
What were the major diseases for living conditions in the industrial revolution?
-cholera
-influenza
How many people died in Sunderland from cholera in 1831?
32,000
How many bricks deep were houses made from?
3 bricks
When was the first Factory Act?
1833
What was the limitation of the first Factory Act concerning inspectors?
There were only 4 inspectors for the whole country
