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Psychological Assessment > BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND PROMINENT INDIVIDUALS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT > Flashcards

BRIEF HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND PROMINENT INDIVIDUALS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards

1
Q

testing was instituted as a means of selecting who, of the many applicants, would obtain government

A

Chinese Civilization

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2
Q

tests were used to measure intelligence and physical skills

A

Greek Civilization

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3
Q

these universities relied on formal exams in conferring degrees and honors

A

European Universities

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4
Q

believed that despite our similarities, no two humans are exactly alike. Some of these individual differences are more “adaptive than
others and these differences lead to more complex, intelligent organisms over time

A

Charles Darwin

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5
Q

he established the testing movement; introduced the anthropometric records of students; pioneered the application of rating-scale and
questionnaire method, and the free association technique; he also pioneered the use of statistical methods for the analysis of psychological tests

A

Francis Galton

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6
Q

He used the Galton bar (visual discrimination length) and Galton whistle (determining the highest audible pitch). Moreover, he also noted that persons with mental retardation tend to have diminished ability to discriminate among heat, cold and pain

A

Francis Galton

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7
Q

Mathematical models of the mind; father of pedagogy as an academic discipline; went against Wundt

A

Johan Friedrich Herbart

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8
Q

sensory thresholds; just noticeable differences (JND

A

Ernst Heinrich Weber

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9
Q

mathematics of sensory thresholds of experience; founder of psychophysics; considered one of the founders of
experimental psychology; Weber-Fechner Law first to relate sensation and stimulus

A

Gustav Theodor Fechner

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10
Q

considered one of the founders of Psychology; first to setup a psychology laboratory

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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11
Q

succeeded Wundt; brought Structuralism to America; his brain is still on display in the psychology department at Cornell

A

Edward Titchner

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12
Q

pioneer of human ability testing; conducted seminars that changed the field of psychological testing

A

Guy Montrose Whipple

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13
Q

large contributor of factor analysis; approach to measurement was termed as the law of comparative judgment

A

Louis Leon Thurstone

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14
Q

provided the first accurate description of mental retardation as an entity separate from insanity

A

Jean Esquirol

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15
Q

pioneered modern educational methods for teaching people who are mentally retarded/intellectually disabled

A

Edouard Seguin

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16
Q

an American psychologist who coined the term “mental test

A

James McKeen Cattell

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17
Q

the father of IQ testing

A

Alfred Binet

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18
Q

introduced the concept of IQ as determined by the mental age and chronological age

A

Lewis M. Terman

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19
Q

introduced the two-factor theory of intelligence

A

Charles Spearman

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20
Q

required for performance on mental tests of all kinds

A

General ability or “g

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21
Q

required for performance on mental test of only one kind

A

Special abilities or “s

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22
Q

introduced the components of “g

A

Raymond Cattell

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23
Q

ability to see relationships as in analogies and letter and number series, also known as the primary reasoning ability which decreases with age

A

Fluid “g

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24
Q

acquired knowledge and skills which increases with age

A

Crystallized “g

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25
Q

theorized the “many factor intelligence theory, (6 types of operations X 5 types of contents X 6 types of products = 180 elementary abilities)

A

Guilford

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26
Q

introduced the hierarchical approach in “g

A

Vernon and Carroll

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27
Q

introduced the “3 g’s” (Academic g, Practical g, and Creative g)

A

Sternberg

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28
Q

conceptualized the multiple intelligences theory

A

Howard Gardner

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29
Q

translated the Binet-Simon test into French

A

Henry Goddard

30
Q

pioneered the first group intelligence test known as the Army Alpha (for literate) and Army Beta (for functionally illiterate)

A

Robert Yerkes

31
Q

introduced multiple choice and other “objective” item type of tests

A

Arthur S. Otis

32
Q

devised the Personal Data Sheet, which aimed to identify soldiers who are at risk for shell shock

A

Robert S. Woodworth

33
Q

(known as the first personality test)

A

Personal Data Sheet

34
Q

slow rise of projective testing; Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

Herman Rorschach

35
Q

Thematic Apperception Test

A

Henry Murray & Christina Morgan

36
Q

What year when structure tests were being developed based on their better psychometric properties

A

Early 1940’s

37
Q

16 Personality Factors

A

Raymond B. Cattell

38
Q

Big 5 Personality Factors

A

McCrae & Costa

39
Q

Panukat ng Ugali at Pagkatao or PUP

A

Virgilio Enriquez

40
Q

Panukat ng Katalinuhang Pilipino or PKP

A

Aurora R. Palacio

41
Q

Panukat ng Pagkataong Pilipino or PPP

A

Anadaisy Carlota

42
Q

Masaklaw na Panukad ng Loob or Mapa ng Loob

A

Gregorio E.H. Del Pilar

43
Q

Philippine Thematic Apperception Test (PTAT

A

Alfredo Lagmay

44
Q

the first to propose that intelligence was a single construct that underlies all cognitive abilities and skills

A

Spearman

45
Q

Developed the CONCEPT of the normal curve

A

Abraham De Moivre

46
Q

Extended and made a substantial contribution to the normal curve

A

Marquis De Caplace

47
Q

Made some substantial contributions at the beginning of 19th century to the normal curve

A

Karl Frederick Gauss

48
Q

Coined the NORMAL CURVE

A

Karl Pearson

49
Q

For him, the most intelligent persons where those equipped with the best sensory abilities

A

Francis Galton

50
Q

He devised many sensory motor and other perception related tests as a measure of intelligence

A

Francis Galton

51
Q

The first person to publish on the heritability of intelligence

A

Francis Galton

52
Q

He’s components of intelligence we’re reasoning, judgment, memory, and abstraction

A

Alfred Binet

53
Q

Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to a purposely, to think rationally, and do deal effectively with his environment

A

David Wechsler

54
Q

Intelligence may be conceived of as a kind of evolving biological adaptation to the outside world

A

Jean Piaget

55
Q

The three perspective on intelligence

A

Interactionism
Factor analysis theories
Information processing view

56
Q

Perspective on intelligence wherein the complex concept by which heredity and environment are presumed to inherit and influence a development of one’s intelligence

A

Interactionism

57
Q

Conceive of intelligence as composed of what he termed PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES

A

L.L. Thurstone

58
Q

The focus of this perspective on intelligence is squarely on identifying the ability or groups of abilities deemed to constitute intelligence

A

Factor analytics theories

59
Q

Intelligence is consist of two factors

A

Two factor theory of intelligence

G factor is inborn
S Factor is acquired through experience

60
Q

Intelligence that decreases with age, these are nonverbal, relatively culture-free, and independent of specific instruction

A

Fluid intelligence

61
Q

Intelligence that increases with age it include acquired skills and knowledge that are dependent on exposure to a particular culture as well as formal and informal education

A

Crystallized intelligence

62
Q

It is a hierarchical model, all of the abilities listed in the stratum are subsume by or incorporated in the strata above

A

Three stratum theory of cognitive abilities by Carrol

63
Q

The model was a product of efforts designed to improve the practice of psychological assessment in education bye identifying tests from different batteries that could be used to provide comprehensive assessment of a student’s abilities

A

CHC model by McGrew and Flanagan

64
Q

Intelligence is composed of three clusters of ability:

Social intelligence - dealing with people
Concrete intelligence - dealing with objects
Abstract intelligence - dealing with verbal and mathematical symbols

A

E.L. Thorndike

65
Q

Derived from the work of Alexandr Luria; focuses on the mechanisms by which information is process

A

Information processing view

66
Q

Two basic types of information processing styles

A

Simultaneous (parallel) processing
Successive (sequential) processing

67
Q

PASS Model

A

Planning
Attention
Simultaneous
Successive

68
Q

identified three independent research traditions (psychometric, info-processing, & cognitive) that have been employed to study the nature of human intelligence

A

Sternberg

69
Q

defined intelligence as the ability “to resolve genuine problems or difficulties as they are encountered”

A

Gardner

70
Q

defined intelligence as “mental activities involved in purposive adaptation to, shaping of, and selection of real-world environments relevant to one’s life”

A

Sternberg

71
Q

intelligence is:
◽️adjustment or adaptation of the individual to his total environment
◽️ the ability to learn
◽️ the ability to carry on abstract thinking

A

Spearman

72
Q

defined intelligence as “the tendency to take and maintain a definite direction; the capacity to make adaptations for the purpose of attaining a desired end, and the power of autocriticism”

A

Anderson

Psychological Assessment (3 decks)

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