Brexit

Question 1

What is the narrative of brexit

Answer 1

Symptom of a crisis of democratic capitalism

Left behind groups

Question 2

What is the free trade area

Answer 2

There are no tariffs or taxes or quotas on goods or services from one country entering another

Question 3

What is the customs union

Answer 3

Agreement to integrate customs policies

Question 4

What is the single market

Answer 4

Removal of taxes, tariffs and quotas on trade between countries allowing free movement of goods, services, capital and people

Question 5

What is a monetary union

Answer 5

Deeper stage of economic integration, common monetary policy, common currency

Question 6

What was behind the voting results of the EU

Answer 6

Age differences 
- generational difference 
- older individuals haven’t felt the eu has benefitted them 
Cultural element to the vote 
Educational split 
Rise of UKIP

Question 7

What are some of the problems with the EU campaign

Answer 7

Difficult to identify what the remain campaign was

Leave campaign was stretching the boundaries of what was acceptable in communication

Question 8

What was the role of the press

Answer 8

Anti immigrant

Bias for leave on majority

Question 9

Why leave?

Answer 9

Crisis of capitalism
Parts of the uk not benefitting so much
Financial crash exposed vulnerabilities in system
Blamed Europe because there was a competition for resources
Austerity policies of coalition government
Action impacted regions reliant on support

Question 10

What does Fiskin, 2011 argue

Answer 10

Project itself had an inbuilt democratic deficit
Not properly represented
Idea we lost sovereignty
Policies being made that didn’t include everyone
No forms of democracy the EU was perfect in
Deep divisions in Europe

Question 11

What is elite deliberation

Answer 11

Slow a group of people to rule providing they do so in a rational way

Question 12

What is participatory democracy

Answer 12

Participation in Europe at a distance

Question 13

What is deliberative democracy

Answer 13

What we understand where all views of people count

Question 14

Bakhtin carnival

Answer 14

The world is not fixed, a process of creation
Always the potential for things to break down
Carnival is something where norms can be inverted
Carnival is to flip everything - happened in brexit debate, see there might be an alternative to the EU

Question 15

What does Bradford (2012) argue

Answer 15

The EU has unprecedented global power, exercises through its legal institutions and standards
The eu has a strong and growing ability to promulgate regulations that become entrenched in legal frameworks of developed and developing markets alike

Europeanisation effect

Other countries legislators adopt the EUs strict standards because the EU is the largest economy in the world
Producers often reliant on the Eu market and thus have to meet their standards

Question 16

What does deacon (2016) identify about the press

Answer 16

On face value newspapers pro leave and remain seem relatively balanced but when circulation is considered a significant gulf opens

18% pro remain
82% leave

Most leave readerships of working class 
More newspaper readers exposed to Brexit messages

Question 17

What are some further comments about carnival

Answer 17

Carnival is a profane celebration where the world is turned upside down
Carnival expresses the fear of life over fear of death
Carnival can be seen as a collective response to challenge power

During carnival rank is abolished and everyone is equal
Brief moment when life escapes its furrows and enacts utopian freedom
Creates a zone in which the new birth or emergence becomes possible against the sterility of dominant norms

Question 18

What are some reasons for Brexit from seminars

Answer 18

Growing disparity between top and bottom earners 
Information asymmetry
Resource allocation 
Social hosility 
Is there a democratic awakening

Question 19

What does Swales identify

Answer 19

From the signing of the Maastricht treaty we have seen a real rise in euroscepticism

Spiked to above 60% after the financial crash of individuals who either wanted to leave entirely o remain and reduce the EUs power

Question 20

What does Swales say about demographics

Answer 20

Most likely to cite leave were 
Those with no formal education (78%) 
Those with income less than 1,200 (66%) 
Those in social housing (68%) 
Sun, express mail readership likely to vote leave

Question 21

What does Swales identify about policy issues

Answer 21

Issues cited as the most important were
The economy (21%)
Immigration (20%)
Sovereignty (17%)

People were less persuaded by the remain arguments about the economic risks of leaving than by the leave arguments around immigration

Question 22

What are the 3 groups Swales identifies made up the Brexit vote

Answer 22

Economically deprived
Affluent eurosceptics
Older working class

Question 23

What are the reasons the EU has a Europeanisation effect

Answer 23

Market power
- largest economy in the world (16 trillion gdp)

Regulatory Capacity
Preference for strict rules
Predisposition to regulate inelastic targets
No divisibility of standards