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Pigs MCQ 1 > Breeding management > Flashcards

Breeding management Flashcards

1
Q

Sow in heat has what conception rate?

A

90%

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2
Q

How many days is gestation?

A

115 days

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3
Q

How many days do piglets suckle?

A

21-28 days

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4
Q

How many days is mating after weaning?

A

5 days after weaning

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5
Q

Target gestation

A

115 days

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6
Q

Target suckling

A

28 days

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7
Q

Target Service interval

A

5 to 6 days

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8
Q

Target Total production cycle

A

148-150 days

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9
Q

Target Litters per annum

A

2.47

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10
Q

Target litter size

A

18

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11
Q

Target pigs weaned

A

17

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12
Q

Target pigs/sow/year

A

40-42

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13
Q

How many pigs produced /sow/yr in Ireland?

A

27.5 pigs

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14
Q

Ireland Litter size

A

14.3

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15
Q

Ireland pigs weaned

A

12.1

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16
Q

Ireland pigs/sow/year

A

27.5

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17
Q

Danebred average and top 5% herd 2019 pigs weaned/sow/year

A

39.8 pigs weaned/sow/year

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18
Q

2021 how many kg of meat/year

A

2549kg has increased 17% since 2016

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19
Q

2022 how many kg pigmeat/year

A

2.482kg meat/year 9% increase since 2017 as no pig/sow/yr and increase carcass weight

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20
Q

Teagasc top 10% pigs weaned/sow/year

A

31.4 pigs/sow/year

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21
Q

Non productive days/ empty in Ireland/year

A

14 days per litter per annum in Ireland

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22
Q

What are the sows productive periods?

A

Pregnancy and lactation

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23
Q

What is the sows unproductive periods?

A

-Selection to first conception
-Weaning to conception - NB Ireland
-Final weaning to culling or death

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24
Q

Why sows have unproductive periods?

A

-Failure of the sow to show oestrus activity promptly or at all after weaning
-Failure to detect oestrus or heat
-Failure to conceive
-Embryonic losses and abortion
-Delay between weaning and culling

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25
Q

Improving farrowing rate and %

A

No.females farrowing/ No. females served x 100

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26
Q

Farrowing target

A

88%

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27
Q

Repeats target

A

8%

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28
Q

Not in pig

A

1%

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29
Q

Abortion

A

1%

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30
Q

Sold/ pregnant

A

1%

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31
Q

Death

A

1%

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32
Q
A
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33
Q
A
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34
Q
A
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35
Q
A
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36
Q
A
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37
Q
A
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38
Q
A
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39
Q
A
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40
Q

Calculation of herd size

A

no. farrowing crates available/ wk x 52 farrowing index ( no litter/sow/year)

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40
Q

Farrowing rate in Ireland

A

86% -89%

41
Q

No. sows served

A

60%

42
Q

Farrowing rate

A

30%

43
Q

No born alive per litter

A

5%

44
Q
A
45
Q
A
46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q

No females bred per week is dependent on?

A
  1. No. weaned sows available for breeding
  2. No gilts available
  3. No opportunity sows available
50
Q

When is sow most productive?

A

Between days 3 and 6 post weaning

51
Q

What parity sows have the highest body weight loss during lactation?

A

1st parity sows

52
Q

What sows have a longer WSI

A

Sows with little fat to mobilise during lactation

53
Q

Sows on a higher feed intake(5.5kg) had?

A

a higher embryo survival 81.4%

54
Q

Sows on a low feed intake (2.9kg) have what embryo survival?

A

67% embryo survival

55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

Sows fed a HHH diet had the lowest WSI of what?

A

Low WSI of 7 days

57
Q

Sows fed LLL had the longest WSI of what?

A

Low WSI of 22 days

58
Q

When is gilt mated?

A

At 8 months or 140 days

59
Q

When do gilts reach mature bodyweight?

A

After 1st weaning

60
Q

Don’t want sow loosing what % of bodyweight

A

7.5-12.5%

61
Q
A
62
Q

What is flushing?

A

Increasing the level of feed directly after weaning or before conception for gilts

63
Q

Why flush?

A

To increase conceptions rate and decrease WSI

64
Q

Gilts on higher feed intake have?

A

reduced WSI and higher conception rates

65
Q

Long term nutrition is important

A

BCS and weight

66
Q

10kg weight loss affects ova by?

A

decrease ova by 0.9 at next oestrus

67
Q

BCS 1

A

6mm backfat

68
Q

BCS is driven by?

A

Lactation and feed intake

69
Q

What is the ideal BCS score?

A

BCS 3 18mm backfat

70
Q

Boat exposure effect of contact with sows on the timing of post-weaning oestrus in sows?

A

Boar - 8 days
None 21 day s

71
Q

How long sow take to get back into eat upon boar exposure?

A

8 days

72
Q

How long take sow get back into heat without boar exposure?

A

21 days - takes 3 times as long to get back into heat

73
Q

What masks the boar effect?

A

-Cold housing
-Group housing takes longer to get back into heat (13 degrees celsius)
-High ammonia levels

74
Q

Lighting effects for weaning to oestrus

A

> 250 lux

75
Q

Effect of season on weaning to oestrus

A

Autumn abortion/ summer infertility syndrome

76
Q

Low feed consumption effects return to oestrus as?

A

Low feed = low blood glucose levels = low insulin level
Glycogen in liver muscle, lipids in fat and protein from muscle are broken down

77
Q

What are insulin levels related to during lactation?

A

Insulin levels are positively related to LH levels during mid and late lactation
As insulin increases, LH increases

78
Q

Function of LH

A

LH is the hormone which stimulates the resumption of follicular growth during mid and late lactation
Stimulates oestrus and ovulation following weaning

79
Q

Sows make what decision?

A

How fast they will return to oestrus and how fertile they will long before they are weaned

80
Q

How long will a sow be anabolic before returning to oestrus?

A

Anabolic for 10 days

81
Q

What does anabolic mean?

A

Put on muscle at end of lactation

82
Q

If a sow is anabolic for 5 to 6 days before weaning when will she return to oestrus?

A

Sow returns to oestrus 4 to 6 days following weaning

83
Q

Stressed sow increases cortisol levels issue?

A

Decreases oxytocin for mating

84
Q

Adverse handling decreases conception rate by

A

33.3% cortisol is 2.4%

85
Q

Good handling increases conception rate by

A

87.5% CR and cortisol level is 1.7%

86
Q

Sows that are catabolic up to the time of weaning take how long to go into heat after weaning?

A

10 days or more to resume oestrus cyclicity following weaning and will be less fertile

87
Q
A
88
Q
A
89
Q

What was fed to sows in the last week of lactation to make them anabolic?

A

Weaner diet/ fishmeal - high in protein

90
Q

Sows require how many hours of light?

A

14-16 hours

91
Q

When sows are stressed they won’t conceive due to?

A

High levels of cortisol and decreased levels of oxytocin reducing conception rate

92
Q
A
93
Q
A
94
Q
A
95
Q

What is the effect of inadequate nutrient intake during lactation on WSI?

A

Reduced LH pulsatility before weaning

96
Q

What is WSI LH production characterised by?

A

High frequency/low amplitude pulse frequency directly after weaning induces recruitment of the then existing large follicle population

97
Q

Sows show a prolonged WSI when

A

Have fewer LH peaks per 6 hours and lower LH concentrations on day 14,21 and 28 of lactation

98
Q

Alterations in LH patterns as early as day 14 are associated with?

A

Delayed WSI and insufficient restoration go LH production during lactation cause a prolonged WSI

99
Q
A

Pigs MCQ 1 (2 decks)

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