Breathlessness

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Uncomfortable need to breathe

Question 2

3 pathophysiology of breathlessness

Answer 2

Simulation of intrapulmonary sensory nerves
Increased in mechanical loads of respiratory muscle
Simulation of chemoreceptors in hypoxia hypercapnia acidosis

Question 3

Common pulmonary causes of dyspnea

Answer 3

COPD
asthma
Pneumonia
pulmonary embolism
pneumothorax

Question 4

Cardiac disease causing Dyspnea

Answer 4

Congestive heart failure
Acute coronary syndrome
dysrhythmias
valvular heart disease

Question 5

Stages of dyspnea

Answer 5

Exertional dyspnea
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Resting Dyspnea

Question 6

Miscellaneous causes of dyspnea

Answer 6

Metabolic acidosis
severe anemia
pregnancy
hyperthyroidism
hyperventilation syndrome

Question 7

Dx leading to Chronic Dyspnea (more than 30 days)

Answer 7

COPD
Left ventricular failure
lung fibrosis
asthma uncontrolled
plural effusion

Question 8

Hx of dyspnea

Answer 8

Onset
duration
frequency
Precipitating factors
relieving factors
Associated symptoms

Question 9

Differentials of dyspnea with chest pain

Answer 9

Cardiac ischemia
Asthma or COPD

Question 10

Differentials of dyspnea with palpitations

Answer 10

Arrhythmia

Question 11

Differentials of dyspnea with syncope or Presyncope

Answer 11

Arrhythmia
left ventricular outflow obstruction

Question 12

Differentials of dyspnea with Orthopnea

Answer 12

Left ventricular dysfunction

Question 13

Differentials of dyspnea with PND

Answer 13

LV failure

Question 14

Differentials of dyspnea with edema

Answer 14

Congestive cardiac failure
cor pulmonale

Question 15

Differentials of dyspnea with respiratory symptoms

Answer 15

Infection
Suppurative lung disease
malignancy
pulmonary embolism
pulmonary congestion
asthma
COPD