Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesia I > Breathing systems (exam 2) > Flashcards

Breathing systems (exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

where is the apparatus deadspace located within a breathing circuit? why?

A

Y piece to the patient
No gas exchange with bi-directional gas flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What volume of air is in 1 meter of circuit

A

400-500ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flow in the breathing system is always turbulent due to

A

corrugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what pressure should ciruits be checked at?

A

30 cm H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which valve prevents rebreathing

A

expiratory valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which valve prevents backflow of exhaled gas

A

Inspiratory valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are the valves located?

A

Near CO2 absorber, FGF site, and the pop-off valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does proper valve placement help ensure?

A

It helps prevent any part of the circle system from contributing to apparatus dead space

deadspace= bi-directional flow in the system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Requirements for valves

A
  • arrows/directional labels
  • hydrophobic
  • open/close appropriately
  • clear dome
  • must be placed between patien tand reservoir bag
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the normal volume for a reservoir bag?

A

3L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What range can a reservoir bag contain?

A

0.5-6L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What size connector must be on the end of a reservoir bag?

A

22mm female connector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the minimum and maxiumum pressure for a reservoir bag? What if it is plastic instead of rubber?

A
  • Rubber min: 30 cmH20
  • Rubber max: 40-60 cmH20
  • Plastic: 2x as distensible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reservoir bag function

A
  • hold anesthetic gas
  • manual ventilation
  • assistance with spontaneous ventilation
  • visual/tactile monitor of ventilation (volume estimation)
  • protection from excessive positive pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the preferred locaiton for the gas inflow site?

A

between CO2 absorbent and the inspiratory valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

APL clockwise motion will do what to the pressure

A

Increase pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

APL counterclockwise will do what to the pressure?

A

reduce the pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What makes up the bulk of soda lime?

A

calcium hydroxide (80%)

19
Q

What percentage of soda lime is water?

A

15 %

20
Q

What is the net reaction with soda lime and CO2?

A

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 –> CaCO3 +H20 + heat

21
Q

List the sequential reaction for soda lime and carbon dioxide

A
  1. CO2 + H20 –> H2CO3
  2. H2CO3 + 2NaOH (or KOH) –> Na2CO3 (or K2CO3) + 2H2O + Heat
  3. Na2CO3 (or K2CO3) + Ca(OH)2 –> CaCO3 + 2NaOH(or KOH) + heat

H2CO3 = carbonic acid

22
Q

Does CO2 reaction with LiOH endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

absorbs heat

23
Q

Regeneration is typically due to what elements in the soda lime?

A

Na or K

24
Q

Soda lime can absorb ____% of its weight in CO2. This means 100g could absorb ____ L of CO2

A

19%
26L

25
Q

when is an absorbant exhausted?

A

When all hydroxides become carbonates

26
Q

calcium hydroxide lime containts what

A
  • Ca(OH)2 70%
  • CaCl 0.7%
  • CaSO4 0.7 %
  • Polyvinyl 0.7%
  • Water 14.5%
27
Q

Calcium hydroxide lime benefits

A
  • Decreased Compound A
  • Decreased CO
  • Decreased degredation of inhaled VAs
28
Q

Benefits of Litholyme

A
  • reduced exothermic activity
  • reduced risk of fire
  • lower economic/environmental effect
  • No compound A or CO
29
Q

Does Litholyme regenerate?

A

No

30
Q

Does spira-lith have a color indicator

A

No

31
Q

Whats the ideal mesh size

A

4-6

32
Q

At least half the volume of each absorbent cannister is

A

gas

33
Q

Excessive condensation in the cannister can caue

A

reduced surface area, reduced efficiency of CO2 absorption

34
Q

Channeling is a result of

A

passage ways of gas going through a low-resistance area

35
Q

What can minimize channeling?

A
  • circular baffles
  • placement allowing vertical flow
  • permanent mounting
  • pre-packaged cylinders
  • avoiding overly tight packing
36
Q

What contributes to compound A formation?

A
  • low FGF
  • increased absorbant temperature
  • higher MAC of Sevo
  • dehydrated absorbent
37
Q

Which VAs create the most CO from greatest to least

A

DEIS (“diez” lolllll)
Des > Enf > Iso > sevo

38
Q

What contributes to CO formation?

A
  • Increased temp
  • Increased concentration of anesthetic gas
  • low FGF
  • smaller patient (absorbent dehydrates)
  • strong base absorbents (KOH or NaOH)
  • dry absorbents
39
Q

What dessicated strong base absorbents reportedly created fires with sevoflurane?

A

Baralyme, anhydrous LiOH

40
Q

what are the flammable degradation byproducts

A

methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid

41
Q

APSF Recommendations for absorbent

A
  • ALL gas flows off after each case
  • turn off vaporizers
  • change when color indicates exhaustion
  • change all absorbent (2 canisters..change BOTH)
  • change absorbent when unsure about hydration
  • if using compact canisters change more frequently
42
Q

What are the compenents of an ideal breathing system

A
  • Receives gas mixture from the machine
  • Delivers gas to the patient
  • Removes CO2
  • Provides heating and humidification of the gas mixture
  • Allows spontaneous, assisted, or controlled respiration
  • Provides gas sampling, measures airway pressure, and monitors volume
43
Q

Components of a mapelson (general)

A
  • reservoir bag
  • corrugated tubing
  • APL valve
  • Fresh gas inlet
  • patient connection
44
Q

Discuss the efficiencies of the mapelsons during spontaneous vs. manual ventilation

A

Sppontaneous: A > DFE > CB
Controlled: DFE > BC > A

Anesthesia I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions