Breathing & Respiratory System Flashcards
Respiratory surfaces is where…?
Respiratory surfaces is where gas exchange takes place
What is the respiratory surface in humans?
The alveoli
What diffuses into and out of the blood
Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood (and breathed out)
Thorax = …?
The ribs and upper backbone that house the organs found in the chest
Ribs = …?
Curved bones forming a protective cage around the chest organs
Intercostal muscles = …?
The muscles in the chest wall that contract and cause the ribs to move out thereby increasing the volume of the thorax during breathing
Diaphragm = …?
A muscular sheet between the thorax and abdomen which helps bring about breathing
Lungs = …?
A pair of spongy, air-filled organs, to help you breathe
Nasal cavity = …?
Air is wormed, moistened, moistened, filtered and cleaned in the naval cavity; with the aid of ciliated epithelial cells that move dirt along the mucus
Trachea = …?
Always kept open by C-shaped rings. It divides into the left and right bronchus (plural - bronchi) and carries air to the lungs
Bronchus = …?
Main airway into the lungs
Bronchioles = …?
The bronchi divide into these smaller tubules, carrying air
Alveoli = …?
The site of gas exchange- oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide out
Pleural membranes & fluid = …?
Line the inside of the chest walls (ribs) and the outside of the lungs. The fluid on the outside of the membrane also stops the friction
What are the 2 parts of ventilation?
- Inspiration (breathing in)
2. Expiration (breathing out)
Why does air move in and out of the lungs?
The air moves in and out of the lungs due to changes in the volume and pressure of the thoracic cavity
What happens when you breathe in?
- The intercostal muscles contract. These pull the rib cage upwards so the chest increases in volume.
- The diaphragm contracts. This makes it flatten out so the chest gets even bigger
- As the chest gets larger, air is sucked down the wind-pipe and into the lungs
What happens when you breathe out?
- The intercostal muscles relax. Which lowers the rib cage and the chest decreases in volume
- The diaphragm relaxes, and bulges upwards. This decreases the volume of the chest even more
- Because the chest has got smaller, air is forced out of the lungs
Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of large surface area?
Many alveoli are present in the lungs with a shape that further increases surface area. This makes a more efficient system
Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of thin walls?
The thin walls(one cell thick) provides less distance for the gases to diffuse through
Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of moist walls?
Gases dissolve in the moisture helping them pass across the gas exchange surface
Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of permeable walls?
Allows gases to pass through because they are moist and thin
Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of good blood supply?
Ensuring oxygen rich blood is taken away from lungs and carbon dioxide is taken to the lungs
Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of diffusion gradient?
Breathing ensures that the oxygen concentration in the alveoli is higher than in the capillaries so oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood. Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite way
What is the breathing rate?
The number of breaths per minute
Explain the effect of exercise on breathing rate and depth of breathing?
During exercise, muscles are used more. They need more energy to move therefore at large amount of oxygen is required for respiration.
Carbon dioxide is also being produced at a larger rate. This increases the rate and depth of breathing which is how our body brewing in a larger volume of oxygen, and ultimately increases the rate of gas exchange
What is respiration?
A series of chemical reactions in every single living cell that releases energy.
Due to the release of energy, respiration is described as being exothermic.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that uses oxygen
What is the word and balanced chemical equation of aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?
Glucose > lactic acid + acid
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Glucose > alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy
