Breathing Pathologies & Diseases Flashcards
What does the neural center control in regards to the respiratory system? (2)
- Respiratory rhythm
2. Depth
State the 2 main locations of the neural center and briefly describe each. (3)
- Medulla and pons
- Medulla → sets the basic rhythm of breathing
- Pons → centers appear to smooth out the basic rhythm of inspiration and expiration set by the medulla
List 4 non-neural factors that influence respiration rate and depth. (4)
- Physical
- Volition (conscious control)
- External
- Chemicals
Define: hypernea
More vigorous and deep breathing than normal (eg. breathing resulting from climbing many stairs)
Define: apnea
Absence or lack of breathing
Define; Dyspea
Difficult or laboured breathing
Define: hyperventilation
More rapid and excessive inhalation (associated with anxiety)
What is a consequence of hyperventilation?
Decrease in carbonic acid → change/increase in blood pH (alkalosis)
What is the cause and result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? (2)
- Damage to the bronchi
2. Obstructs the bronchi → makes it difficult to get air in and out
What is the indicator for chronic bronchitis?
The mucosa of the lower respiratory passages become severely inflamed and produces excessive amounts of mucus
What is a result of emphysema?
Alveoli become destroyed, resulting in rapid, shallow, and difficult breathing
VERY briefly describe asthma
Chronic allergy
What is croup and in what populations is it common in? (2)
- Croup = obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough
- Common in children and infants
Define: epistaxis
Nose bleeds
Where are respiratory exchanges made in the fetus and why? (2)
- Respiratory exchanges are all made by the placenta
2. The lungs are filled with fluid
