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CE Biology > Breathing and Reproduction > Flashcards

Breathing and Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when you breathe in?

A

Air goes down the trachea, through the bronchi, through the bronchioles and into the alveoli.

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2
Q

What happens in the Alveoli?

A

Gas exchanges take place.

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3
Q

What happens in a gas exchange?

A

Oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out the blood, into the alveoli and is breathed out.

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4
Q

What is a peak flow meter?

A

A small device used to access a persons vital capacity

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5
Q

How do you use a peak flow meter?

A

Take a deep breathe and then breathe out as quickly and hard as possible into the device.

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6
Q

What happens when a person is having an asthma attack?

A

The muscles around their bronchioles contract narrowing airways. The lining of the airways become enflamed and it is hard to breathe.

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7
Q

What do inhalers contain?

A

Drugs that help to open up the airways.

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8
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells like sperm and ovum

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9
Q

What is the male gamete?

A

Sperm

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10
Q

What is the female gamete?

A

Ovum

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11
Q

Where are sperm made?

A

The testes

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12
Q

When are the sperm made?

A

After puberty

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13
Q

What is semen?

A

Semen is sperm mixed with a liquid that is ejaculated from the penis during sexual intercourse.

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14
Q

Where is ovum made?

A

The ovaries

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15
Q

How often are the ovum released from the ovaries?

A

Every 28 days

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16
Q

What happens when an egg is released?

A

Passes into the fallopian tube where it may meet sperm which has entered the vagina during sexual intercourse.

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17
Q

What happens if the egg isn’t fertilised by sperm?

A

The egg will die after a day and pass out the vagina.

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18
Q

How many sperm are released during sexual intercourse?

A

Millions

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19
Q

What happens when sperm is released?

A

They goes to the fallopian tube where one might fertilise an egg.

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20
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

When the nuclei of a perm and egg cell fuse together.

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21
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A fertilised egg

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22
Q

What is the name for the ball of cells that forms when the zygote divides?

A

An embryo

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23
Q

What happens one week after fertilisation?

A

The embryo implants in the wall of the uterus and the placenta begins to develop.

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24
Q

What is a placenta?

A

The placenta is an organ attached to the wall of the uterus.

25
Q

What is the amniotic sac?

A

A sac that attaches itself to the placenta which protects the fetus against knocks and bumps.

26
Q

What is an umbilical cord?

A

A cord that connects the placenta and the fetus

27
Q

What does the placenta do?

A

It lets the blood of the fetus and mother get close together

28
Q

What passes to the fetus from the mother?

A

Nutrients and oxygen

29
Q

What passes from the fetus to the mother?

A

Waste products

30
Q

How long does the menstrual cycle take?

A

28 days

31
Q

What is the first stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining of the uterus breaks down.

32
Q

What is the second stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining of uterus builds up

33
Q

What is the third stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Egg is released

34
Q

What is the last stage of the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining of the uterus is maintained

35
Q

What happens on day 1- 4 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining of the uterus breaks down.

36
Q

What happens on day 4 -14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining of uterus builds up

37
Q

What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Egg is released

38
Q

What happens on day 14 - 28 of the menstrual cycle?

A

Lining of the uterus is maintained

39
Q

What is the Menstrual cycle for?

A

Preparing the womb in case it receives a fertilised egg.

40
Q

What does the anther do?

A

It contains pollen grains which produce the male sex cells

41
Q

What does the filament do?

A

Supports the anther

42
Q

What are the stamen of the flower?

A

Anther and filament

43
Q

What are the carpel of the flower?

A

Stigma, style and ovary

44
Q

What does the stigma do?

A

Helps to collect pollen as it is sticky and the pollen sticks to it.

45
Q

What does the style do?

A

Stalk that holds up the stigma

46
Q

What does the ovary do

A

Contains the female sex cell inside ovules

47
Q

What is Pollination?

A

Getting pollen to the stigma

48
Q

How does insect pollination work?

A

Pollen sticks to insects when they land on a flower and they carry it to another flower.

49
Q

How does wind pollination work?

A

The wind blows pollen from one plant to another?

50
Q

What is fertilisation?

A

The joining of sex cells

51
Q

How does fertilisation work in a plant.

A

Pollen grains are brought to a plants stigma and then the plant goes and brings the male gametes to the female gametes

52
Q

What is the first step of fertilisation in a plant?

A

Pollen grains land on a stigma during pollination

53
Q

What is the second step of fertilisation in a plant?

A

Pollen tube grows out of pollen grain, down the style and into the ovary

54
Q

What is the third step of fertilisation in a plant?

A

The nucleus from the male gamete inside the pollen tube moves down the pollen tube

55
Q

What is the final step of fertilisation in a plant?

A

The male nucleus fuses with the nucleus of a female egg cell inside an ovule.

56
Q

What happens after fertilisation in a plant?

A

The ovule containing the fertilised egg develops into a seed which grows into a new plant.

57
Q

What is the Explosion way that seeds are dispersed?

A

The fruit bursts open once it has ripened, scattering the seeds away from the parent plant

58
Q

What is the Drop and Roll way that seeds are dispersed?

A

Fruit dispersed by drop and roll are normally hard and heavy, they fall from the parent plant and roll away.

CE Biology (4 decks)

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