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Biology > Breathing and Cirulation > Flashcards

Breathing and Cirulation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the walls of the heart made of

A

Muscle tissue

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2
Q

What do valves do

A

Makes sure the blood doesn’t flow backwards

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3
Q

What is the bloods path in the heart

A 
Vena carva
R.Atrium
R.Ventricle
Pulmonary Artey
L.Atrium
L.Ventricle
Out
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4
Q

How does this pacemaker work

A

Electric impulses cause the surrounding muscle cells to contract

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5
Q

What happens if your natural pacemaker breaks/doesn’t work properly

A

Replace with an arteficial pacemaker

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6
Q

How does an arteficial pacemaker work

A

Device planted under skin
Has wire going to heart
Produces an electric current to keeo heart beating

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7
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels

A

Veins
Arteries
Capilaries

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8
Q

What do arteries do

A

Carry blood away from heart to organs/tissues

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9
Q

What do veins do

A

Veins carry blood to the heart

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10
Q

What do capillaries do

A

Capilaries exchange materials in organs/tissues

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11
Q

How are arteries adapted to carry out its function

A

Walls are strong and elastic

Layers of muscle and elastic fibres

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12
Q

How are capillaries adapted to carry out their function

A

They have a thin permeable walls to speed up diffusion

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13
Q

What do capillaries do in diffusion

A 
Supply cells (organ cells) with food and oxygen
Take away waste products like CO2
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14
Q

Why don’t vein walls need to be as thick as artery walls

A

Because veins carry blood at lower pressure

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15
Q

What allows the blood to flow in the right direction in veins

A

Valves

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16
Q

What is the inside “tube” called in veins/arteries

A

Lumen

17
Q

What is the job of red blood cells

A

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body

18
Q

Why is the red blood cell shaped like a doughnut

A

To increase surface area to absorb more oxygen

19
Q

Why don’t red blood cells have a nucleus

A

To allow more room for oxygen

20
Q

Why are red blood cells red

A

Contain red pigment called haemoglobin

21
Q

What are platelets

A

Platelets help the blood clot

22
Q

What is plasma

A

Carries most things in blood: RBC and WBC, nutrients, CO2, urea, hormones, antibodies and antitoxins

23
Q

Why do some organ donors organs get rejected by the body

A

Because our immune system sees foreign antigens (of the organ) so it sends antibodies to attack it

24
Q

What do we do to avoid rejection

A

Look for donors of similar tissue types

Take drugs to suppress immune system so organ wont be attacked

25
Q

Why would getting similar tissue types prevent rejection of an organ

A

Because tissue types are based on antigens

26
Q

What is an advantage of an arteficial heart

A

Less likely to be rejected by bodies immune system

27
Q

What are the disadvantages to having an arteficial heart

A

Surgery can lead to bleeding and infection
Not as good as a real one
Arteficial heart could fail

28
Q

What three things can damage your valves

A

Heart attack
Infections
Old age

29
Q

What can happen if a valve is damaged

A

It can leak or stiffen

30
Q

What are the problems with fitting an arteficial valve

A

Major surgery

Can lead to blood clot

31
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

When coronary arteries are blocked by fatty acids and restict blood flow

32
Q

What is a stent

A

A tube that is inserted inside arteries keeping them open and allowing the blood to flow

33
Q

What does a stent do

A

Lowers the risk of a heart attack and keeps the heart beating

34
Q

What happens if the artery starts to narrow again

A

Will irritate artery and make scar tissue grow

Patient has to drugs to stop blood clotting on the stent

Biology (5 decks)

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