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😎 Year 9 Biology 😎 > Breathing > Flashcards

Breathing Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all the parts of the respiratory system (breathing)

A

Trachea
Rib
Intercostal muscle
Bronchus
Lungs
Bronchiole
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Heart

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2
Q

Why is it better to breathe through your nose than your mouth?

A

The small hairs in your nasal passage will warm the air and filter it to remove any bacteria

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3
Q

Why are the ribs important

A

They surround the ribs and protect them from damage, they also help your thorax move when breathing in and out.

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4
Q

The trachea and bronchioles consist of tubes containing rings of cartilage. What is the function of these rings of cartilage?

A

They hold the trachea and bronchi open when we breathe in and out.

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5
Q

What are the small hairs called cilia which line the tubes of the bronchioles for?

A

They will filter the air and stop any bacteria getting into the alveoli.

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6
Q

What happens when you inhale?

A

Diaphragm ,contracts and flattens.
Intercostal muscles, contract pulling the rib cage up and out.
Volume of chest cavity increases.
Air pressure in chest cavity and lungs decreases.
Air pressure in lungs is now lower than the atmospheric pressure.

Air is drawn into the lungs from higher pressure outside to lower pressure inside.

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7
Q

What happens when you exhale?

A

Diaphragm relaxes and domes up.
Intercostal muscles relax.
Rib cage moves down and in.
Volume of chest cavity decreases.
Air pressure in chest cavity and lungs increases.
Air pressure in lungs is higher than the atmospheric air pressure.

Air is forced out of the lungs from higher pressure inside to lower pressure outside.

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8
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and rib cage when we inhale?

A

Diaphragm moves down
Rib cage moves up and out

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9
Q

What happens to the diaphragm and rib cage when we exhale ?

A

Diaphragm moves up
Rib cage moves down and in

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10
Q

What happens to the lungs when we exhale?

A

The volume increases
The air pressure decreases
Air pressure is lower than air around it

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11
Q

What makes cobalt chloride paper change colour

A

Water

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12
Q

What colour is cobalt chloride paper

A

Blue

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13
Q

What colour is cobalt chloride paper with a drop of water on it

A

Light pink

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14
Q

What colour change happens when you breathe on a piece of cobalt chloride paper

A

Blue to pink

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15
Q

Which air is most humid, inhaled or exhaled?

A

Exhaled

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16
Q

What reaction produces water as a waste product?

A

Respiration

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17
Q

What does exhaled air contain

A

Exhaled air contains more water vapour than inhaled air. The air we breathe out is also warmer than the air we breath in

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18
Q

What % of the air we breathe IN is OXYGEN

A

21%

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19
Q

What % of the air we breathe IN is CARBON DIOXIDE

A

0.04%

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20
Q

What % of the air we breathe IN is NITROGEN

A

78%

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21
Q

What % of the air we breathe IN is WATER VAPOUR

A

A little

22
Q

What % of the air we breathe OUT is OXYGEN

A

16%

23
Q

What % of the air we breathe OUT is CARBON DIOXIDE

A

4%

24
Q

What % of the air we breathe OUT is NITROGEN

A

78%

25
Q

What % of the air we breathe OUT is WATER VAPOUR

A

A lot

26
Q

Tell me about the surface area to volume ratio of a small object

A

A small object has a large surface area to volume ration. This means that it’s surface area is large compared to its volume

27
Q

Tell me about the surface are to volume ratio of a large object

A

A large object has a small surface area to volume ratio. This means that it’s surface area is small compared to its volume

28
Q

How do our lungs increase the surface area without increasing in size very much?

A

Instead of one large balloon , our lungs are divided up into hundreds of small balloons called alveoli.

29
Q

Which gases are exchanged in your lungs

A

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

30
Q

Where in the lungs does gas exchange take place?

A

Alveoli

31
Q

What happens to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm when you exhale

A

The intercostal muscles relax which makes the rib cage go down and in. Diaphragm relaxes and domes up

32
Q

Why do we breathe out more carbon dioxide than we breathe in

A

Our bodies use oxygen from the air and while we breathe our bodies produce more carbon dioxide while respiring

33
Q

Why do we breathe out as much nitrogen as we breathe in

A

In the respiration system we don’t need to use the nitrogen so we just breathe it back out.

34
Q

Do we use all the oxygen we breathe in?

A

No, we breathe in air which is 21% oxygen, but we only use 5% because we still breathe some back out

35
Q

What are some specific features of the alveoli which allow gases to pass through them easily

A
  1. They give the lungs a large surface area , so more gas can diffuse
  2. Short distance, the walls are very thin and close so that diffusion is quick.
  3. Diffusion gradient, so the gases move faster
  4. Moist walls, Gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to diffuse more easily
  5. Permeable (small holes in the walls), Easy for gases to diffuse through the walls
36
Q

What is the addictive chemical in cigarette smoke

A

Nicotine

37
Q

What is aerobic respiration

A

When carbon dioxide and water are the waste products
We call this aerobic respiration because it uses oxygen from the air

38
Q

There are 3 body systems involved in ensuring we can respire effectively:

A

The circulatory system
The digestive system
• The respiratory system

39
Q

What is the respiratory system

A

-oxygen is taken into our bodies via the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed. The oxygen is then absorbed into the blood, travels to the heart and is then pumped around the rest of the body.

40
Q

What is the thorax

A

The upper part of the body

41
Q

What is abdomen

A

The lower part of the body

42
Q

What is at the top of the trachea

A

The larynx

43
Q

How many bronchi are there

A

2 bronchi.
1 bronchus goes into each lung. There are many branches off these bronchi into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles.

44
Q

Ventilation

A

is getting the air into and out of the lungs.

45
Q

Gas exchange

A

is getting the gases to move into or out of the blood. Gas exchange is a two way process - waste gases are removed and oxygen is absorbed.

46
Q

What is the surface area of all the alveoli

A

The actual surface area of all the alveoli spread out is about 70m?, the size of a tennis court.
This is made of 700 million alveoli and is between 30
- 40 times the area of the skin!

47
Q

How does asthma develop

A

Asthma develops when the bronchial tubes become swollen or inflamed. The muscles around the tubes contract to make the tubes narrow, or the tubes are partly blocked by mucus. The narrowing of the tubes causes wheezy breathing. This usually happens because of an allergy to dust or chemicals. These triggers irritate the lining cells of the bronchi, and the body reacts by sending a type of white blood cell to destroy these cells. The lining becomes swollen, and mucus produced by the cells becomes thicker and cannot be removed by the lungs. This mucus starts to block the airways.

48
Q

How does an inhaler work

A

The inhalers work by putting a fine spray of chemical around the air tubes inside the lungs - this makes the muscles relax and makes breathing easier.

49
Q

What are some of the chemicals in cigarettes

A

Nicotine
Tar
Carbon monoxide
Ammonia

50
Q

What is the pleural fluid and what is it used for?

A

Each lung is covered by a thin smooth membrane, and another smooth membrane lines the inside of the rib cage. These are called the pleural membranes. Between these two membranes is the pleural cavity, which contains a liquid, called the pleural fluid. This fluid lubricates the inside of the lungs as they inflate and deflate, so that they do not rub against the rib cage too much.

😎 Year 9 Biology 😎 (10 decks)

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