Breastfeeding vs Bottle Feeding Flashcards
What are the main components of breast milk?
Water (90%)
Fat (4%)
Protein (1%)
Lactose (5%)
What is the difference between Prolactin and Oxytocin?
Prolactin stimulates the cells to produce milk for the next feed
Oxytocin causes muscle contractions to enable the flow of stored milk for the current feed
Where are prolactin and oxytocin secreted from?
Prolactin is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland
Oxytocin is secreted from the posterior pituitary gland
How do C-Section births affect milk production?
Natural birth contractions stimulate prolactin release, so women who have a C-Section can have a delay in prolactin release and milk production.
How doe you promote oxytocin release?
Mother-baby skin-on-skin contact
State the difference between comfort and feeding suckles
Comfort: short and fast
Feeding: long and rhythmic
What is Colostrum
The first form of milk produced in the first 3-4 days of breastfeeding.
High concentration of immune factors with a laxative effect.
What is the difference between foremilk and hindmilk?
Foremilk and hindmilk are produced at each feed.
Foremilk: waterier, thirst quenching
Hindmilk: higher fat content
Why can formula not replicate breastmilk?
1) not all of the substances are identifiable
2) the technology does not exist to synthesise it effectively
3) synthesis is too expensive and long with current technology
Why is breast milk important for baby’s gut health?
At birth, infant’s gut is full of holes, and it takes many weeks to mature and close.
Jost et al. (2013) good bacteria can be transferred from the mother’s cut to the infants via breastmilk.
Identify 10 barriers to breastfeeding
1) lack of support at birth
2) difficulties with latching
3) anxiety/lack of confidence
4) tiredness
5) post-natal depression
6) returning to work
7) lack of family history/encouragement
8) pressure from friends
9) sexualisation of breasts
10) unhealthy relationships
Outline the findings from an NHS survey about returning to work post partum
NHS workers reported insufficient breastfeeding support upon return to work, 69% did not have sufficient time to express milk (Torjesen, 2022)
Breastfeeding causes post-natal depression. True or false?
Fasle. Some studies have shown that breastfeeding can have a protective effect again PND, with prolonged feeding associated with less PND (Ip et al., 2009)
How do personality traits influence breastfeeding practices?
Brown (2013)
1) introverted mother are significantly less likely to initiate/continue breastfeeding
2) mothers with a higher self-concept are significantly more likely to exclusively breastfeed.
How does self-objectification influence breastfeeding practices?
Brown (2013)
Mothers who score higher on body-objectification measures more likely to view breastfeeding as indecent.
How long does the WHO organisation recommend exclusively breastfeeding for? What % of UK mothers do?
6 months; 1% exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months of an infants life
Which taste bud is not present from birth, and when does it develop?
Salt
Develops around 4 months
What taste do babies have a preference for?
Sweet
Does breastfeeding reduce the chances of obesity in later life?
Yes; can reduce the chances of a child becoming obese by 25% (WHO, 2019; study across 16 countries).
Outline Li et al. (2010) study
Study investigating the % of children in late infancy who drink from a cup until it is empty:
- 27% exclusively breastfed
- 54% breast and bottle fed
- 68% exclusively bottle fed
Breastfed infants have more self-regulation than bottle fed babies as they have had control over their intake since birth.
What happened to feeding practices when opaque bottles were used?
Ventaura & Golen (2015)
Parents were more responsive to the baby’s cues and stopped feeding when the baby signaled when using an opaque bottle, compared to a clear bottle when the baby’s cues were ignored and feeding continued until the bottle was empty.
How do infant cues moderate the effect of opaque bottles on feeding practices?
- intake is the same for clear and opaque bottles when the baby has low clarity of cues
- intake with an opaque bottle is lower than with a clear bottle when a baby has high clarity of cues
How does duration of breastfeeding impact obesity risk?
The longer you breastfeed for, the longer the baby has to self-regulate their intake, the better their self-regulation of food intake later in life.
How does sex of the baby influence breastfeeding duration in some cultures?
Jayachandran and Kuziemko (2011)
Limited breastfeeding of female children when parents want to have a son, as ovulation stops during breastfeeding as a protective measure for the body
What is the problem with breastfeeding research?
You cannot do experiments using a randomised control sample. There are confounds in breastfeeding research that cannot be ethically controlled for, or manipulated.
