Breast pathophysiology Flashcards
1
Q
How does atypical ductal hyperplasia present?
A
- Sore + tender breasts
- no breast lump
- radiographic abnormalities on mammogram
- Risk of malignant transformation
2
Q
How do breast cysts present and how are they investigated?
A
- common and present as lumps (may be painful)
- increase in size and become more tender with menstruation
- Usually self-resolving
- Ix by US
If very large or painful, can be aspirated under US guidance
3
Q
What is a fibroadenoma?
A
Benign tumour of glandular and stromal tissue
4
Q
How does a fibroadenoma present?
A
- Small, rubbery and mobile
- Benign
- Resolve spontaneously
5
Q
How does an intra-ductal papilloma present?
A
- Bloody nipple discharge
- Often too small to be palpable
- Non-malignant
Can be managed by microdochetomy (removal of duct)
6
Q
What gene mutation is associated with male breast ca?
A
BRCA2 gene
7
Q
What mammography finding is seen in invasive ductal ca?
A
Irregular spiculated hyper dense lesion with micro calcifications
8
Q
What is the most common type of breast ca?
A
Invasive ductal ca
9
Q
What is seen on histology in malignant phyllodes tumour?
A
- cellular stroma proliferation
- leaf like projections lined by epithelial cells
- increased mitotic ability
10
Q
How does malignant phyllodes tumour present?
A
- bloody discharge
- palpable lumps
- cellular stroma proliferation
