Breast pathology ch 5 Flashcards
Adenosis
Enlargement of breast lobules.
Sclerosing adenosis
Enlarged lobules are distorted by scar like fibrous tissue
Anasarca
Massive generalized edema
Asymmetry
Presence of glandular tissue in one breast not the other. Focal asymmetry: w/in a small area. Global asymmetry: w/in large area
Cysts
Fluid accumulation. Occurs in the TDLU. Common in premenopausal women, postmenopausal women taking estrogen and young women
Duct ectasia
Blockage of ducts in the area around the nipple. Nipple becomes red/tender causes a sticky, thick, green discharge
Ductal papillomas
Benign wart like growth of glandular/fibrovascular tissue. Seen as tumor inside the nipple with finger like fronds. Associated with milk ducts. Use ductogram or US for diagnosis
Skin cyst
Occurs in the oil glands. Seen as radiolucent well circumscribed with a smooth border.
Fat necrosis aka oil cyst
Death of fatty tissue from trauma,radiation therapy or biopsy. Calcium deposits on the inside of the rim and gives it an eggshell appearance. Cavity can be filled with irregular calcifications.
Fibroadenomas
Benign tumor “ popcorn” like. Seen as oval/circumscribed. Lesions will contain calcifications. Can be palpable and multiple
Fibrous nodules/focal fibrosis
Prominent fibrous tissue. Seen as asymmetric round/oval masses. Common in premenopausal women
Galactocele
Benign milk filled cysts w/ high fat content. Seen as circular with sharply defined borders w/ a combination of radiopaque/lucent densities.
Granular cell tumor
Benign/rare tumor. Felt as a hard/movable lump.
Will NOT increase risk of BC
Halo
Compression of air/fat around a lesion. Seen as a partial or complete radiolucent ring around mass. Usually only surrounds a circular/oval lesion. Rarely malignant
Hemoangioma
Benign tumor containing mass of blood vessels
Hamartoma/Fibroadenolipoma
Benign disorganized breast tissue. Resulting from the overgrowth of fibrous, glandular or fatty tissue. Seen as a “breast w/in a breast” w/ circumscribed borders
Hematomas
Pooling of blood as a result of trauma. Seen as mixed optical density and circular/oval. Can calcify —> oil cyst —> high optical density. Clinical history helps factor out malignancy
Lipoma
Fatty tumor. Radiolucent and benign
Radial scar
Is a proliferative breast lesion. Appear as a spiculated mass. 8%-30% increase risk of BC
Lobular carcinoma LCIS
Cells that look like cancer growing in lobules but have not spread. NOT cancer but will increase risk.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Increased cellular activity in the ducts. NOT cancer will increase risk by 3x.
Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia
Increased cellular activity of lobes. Not cancer will increase risk by 5x
Ductal Carcinoma in situ
Abnormal cells in the milk ducts. Earliest form of BC. Noninvasive.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Cancer that grows in ducts then has spread through the wall into fatty tissue. IDC is the most COMMON type of BC. Accounts for 80%
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
Cancer that starts at the lobules of breast. Usually will not form a lump instead theres a change of breast that feels like fullness/thickness. 10% of all Bc
Inflammatory Carcinoma
A rare, aggressive cancer where cancer cells block lymph vessels. likely IDC. Will start with reddening and swelling of breast. Pt can have warmth, orange peel skin, swelling of lymph nodes, flattening or inversion of nipple etc
Pagets Disease
Malignant cells extend from lactiferous ducts to nipple. Pt can have nipple thickening. Rare, only 1% of BC
Sarcoma
Cancer arising from connective tissue. Rare less than 1%. Begin in connective tissue technically not a BC.
