Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction & Sexual Health > Breast Imaging > Flashcards

Breast Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Name three methods of breast imaging

A

Mammogram
Ultrasound
MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two types of view of mammogram?

A

Oblique

Cranial - caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What tissues appear white/grey on mammogram?

A

White - fibroglandular tissue and clacfication

Grey - fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At what density is there a higher risk of breast cancer?

A

76-100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does a breast need to be compressed on mammogram?

A

To allow uniform thickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When are women screened for breast cancer?

A

50-70 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name two different types of mammogram

A

Tomosynthesis

Contrast enhanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe tomosynthesis

A

3D mammogram, multiple images with the slices reconnected helpful in dense tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe a contrast enhanced mammogram

A

Iodine contrast used, low and high energy image. High energy is sensitive to contrast. Subtraction image means only enhanced lesions are visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do tumours enhance with contrast?

A

Neoangiogenesis - increased vascularity and leaky vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State the indications for ultrasound

A 
Palpable mass - solid or fluid 
Post-mammogram 
Guided biopsy 
<40 years old 
Breast inflammation - cellulitis or abscess 
Problems during pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the advantages of ultrasound?

A

No radiation
Not uncomfortable
Sensitive and specific
Quick if directed to one area and easy to biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the disadvantages of ultrasound?

A

Low specificity when used for screening and low sensitivity for DCIS. <10% of lumps found are cancerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name four types of ultrasound

A

Strain elastography
3D ultrasound
Contrast enhanced
Shear wave elastography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe strain elastography

A

Difference in stiffness shown by colour map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes stiffness in malignancy?

A

Collagen disorganisation and crosslinks

17
Q

Describe shear wave elastography

A

Quantitative and good reproducibility - produced by probe regarding how fast the waves travel. Shown on colour map

18
Q

Describe contrast enhanced US

A

Iv contrast in the form of micro bubbles can identify solid vs cystic masses, assess treatment effectiveness, view axillary nodes and differentiate between benign/malignant

19
Q

What is the disadvantage of using an MRI?

A

Increase mastectomy rate - pick up small tumour foci which would have been treated with radio/chemotherapy

20
Q

State the indications for MRI

A 
Lobular cancer 
Mammographically occult 
Chemo effectiveness 
Paget's disease of the nipple 
Positive nodes 
Implant integrity 
High risk screening
21
Q

Why is an MRI used in paget’s disease of the nipple?

A

Central excision can be used but if DCIS is widely spread then mastectomy is required

22
Q

How often are high risk women screened?

A

Annually

23
Q

Name the two types of commonly used biopsy

A

Core

Vacuum

24
Q

How can a biopsy be guided radiologically?

A

US
Sterotactic
MRI

25
Q

What diseases can be removed by vacuum biopsy?

A

Benign lumps with malignant potential
- papilloma
- radial scar
As long as there is no cellular atypia

26
Q

What is the most likely diagnosis of a breast lump in
<30 yo
30-50yo
>50yo?

A

<30yo - fibroadenoma
30-50yo - cyst
>50yo - cancer
Elderly can also get fat necrosis from falls

27
Q

What about the dimentions would suggest a lump is a fibroadenoma?

A

Wider than it is tall - only held loosely by surrounding tissue

28
Q

What signifies an abnormal lymph node on imaging?

A

Cortical thickness >3mm

Shape

29
Q

When is radiological staging of breast cancer indicated?

A

Invasive tumour >5cm
>4 abnormal nodes
Inflammatory cancer
Recurrent breast cancer

30
Q

How is staging done radiologically?

A

CT - chest abdomen pelvis

31
Q

Where does breast cancer spread to?

A

Bone, lung, pleura, liver, brain

32
Q

What type of nipple discharge is concerning?

A

Unilateral

Reproduction & Sexual Health (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions