Breast Feeding Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Benefits of breast feeding (4)
- reduces infection of many kinds for child
- reduces child cancers (leukemias), allergies, obesity
- increases intelligence
- reduces incidence of breast cancer in the mother
Human milk digestion vs formula
Human milk is digested faster (1.5 hours) and thus requires more feeding but is much easier to digest than formula
Colostrum
First liquid the breasts produce, yellow thicker than breast milk that has laxative effect helping baby pass first bowel (meconium), prevent newborn jaundice, and contains multiple immune factors largely IgA, lower calorie (contributing to initial weight loss for first 2 weeks after birth before regaining)
Mature milk
Thinner than colostrum that forms after transitional milk period, thinner than colostrum 90% water
Recommendations on breast feeding
-started within 1 hour of birth, exclusive for up to 6 months, then typically up to 1 year complementary with introduction of formula and solids
Lactation consultants
Teach mom how to position baby on breast, give tips to increase milk supply or handle breast infection, reduce anxiety and frustration of mother and devise special feedings strategies for premature infants or disabled
Breast feeding is lowest in these populations (5)
- under age 20
- unemployed
- unmarried
- lower socioeconomic status
- poor social support
Father’s role in breastfeeding
-strong approval influences mothers decision to continue breastfeeding
Maternal advantages of bresatfeeding (5)
- faster return to prepregnancy weight
- decreased postpartum bleeding (oxytocin uterine contractions)
- increased bone mineral density
- lower incidence of ovarian and breast cancer
- rest time for mom
Bottlefeeding women return to their period approx ___ months after delivery, breast feeding women return approx ___ months, but it can vary drastically and is not guaranteed contraception
3, 8
Contraindications to breastfeeding (6)
- TB
- HIV
- Herpes lesions on breast
- varicella within 5 days antepartum or 2 days postpartum
- malabsorption disease in children
- certain drugs including chemotherapeutic compounds
Mammogenesis during pregnancy
Influenced by progesterone, growth hormones, others, see secretary differentiation of milk secreting cells, lobular formation and ductal branching, and proliferation of distal portions of the ducts, after breastfeeding returns to prepregnancy state and secretory cells are replaced with adipose tissue
Let down reflex mechanism of action
- prolactin promotes alvolar milk production
- cutaneous nerve innervation either nipple latching, hearing crying, certain emotions, etc stimulates prolactin and oxytocin production and release into blood stream
- oxytocin causes muscle contraction around alveoli and milk ducts
Breast surgery and breast feeding
Most with augmentation can still breastfeed just fine, areolar damage will cause difficulty initiating let down reflex
Root reflex and breast feeding
Rub tip of nipple around baby’s mouth, and then baby opens mouth to latch onto areola but not nipple otherwise will be painful
How to tell if baby is getting enough breast milk?
Watch for hydration status, watch for bowel movements, changes in weight, etc
Pumping
Storage of breast milk that can be refrigerated for 5 days or frozen for 6-12 months
Management of engorgement, sore nipples, inverted nipples, inadequate milk supply, plugged ducts, mastitis
- hand express milk, breastfeed more often
- adjust latching technique
- nipple shields
- fluids, rest, increase frequency and duration
- massage, warm compress
- antibiotics 10-14 days and continue feeding
Weaning
Final stage of development over a few weeks, as frequency of breastfeeding is reduced prolactin levels fall back and this ends in total cessation of milk production
