Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Women's Health > Breast Disorders > Flashcards

Breast Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

where do supernumerary nipples commonly found?

A

along the milk line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you approach a male patient wih gynecomastic?

A

breast and axillary exam, check the testicles as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If a patient between the ages 13-early adulthood has gynecomastia, what treatment should they receive?

A

observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can cause gynecomastia in males over 50?

A

drop in testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some meds that can cause gynecomastia?

A

digoxin, thiazides, estrogens, theophylline, atypical antipsychotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medical conditions that can cause gynecomastia

A

hepatic cirrhosis, renal failure, malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

inflammation at the stie of two closely opposed skin surfaces often due to moisture and maceration

A

intertrigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatments for intertrigo

A

hairdryer to the area, antifungal, corticosteroid (if needed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most frequent, benign condition of the breast

A

fibrocystic breast disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when may a fibrocystic breast mass be the most painful? Why?

A

during premenstrual phase, due to estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

this type of mass is most commonly seen in 30-50 year olds and may fluctuate in size → often multiple and bilateral

A

fibrocystic breast disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

45 year old patient presents with tender mass that is only painful right before starting her menstrual cycle, she says sometimes she will have multiple masses but they fluctuate in size and may even disappear, she notes occasional serous discharge with the masses

A

fibrocystic breast disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment for Fibrocystic Breast Disorder

A

avoid trauma, wear supportive bra, use needle for aspiration to alleviate pain, stop HRT in postmenopausal, primrose oil for pain, decrease intake of dietary fat/caffeine/chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This drug may be used in patients with severe fibrocystic breast disorder but only rarely due to virilizing SE

A

Danazol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

condition where a female develops characteristics associated with male hormones (Androgens)

A

virilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

most common benign neoplasm of the breast

A

fibroadenoma of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Patient population most commonly seen with fibroadenomas

A

young women withing 20 years of puberty, may be younger age in black women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Patient in mid 20s presents with round, mobile, rubbery, non-tender breast lesion measuring less than 5 cm

A

fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can you differentiate fibroadenoma from a cyst?

A

US and aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Treatment for fibroadenoma

A

none necessary → reassurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

if you have fibroadenoma larger than 3-4 cm it should be excised to rule out

A

Phyllodes tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fibroadenoma like tumor with cellular stroma that grows rapidly → can be benign or malignant

A

Phyllodes tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treatment for malignant Phyllodes tumor

A

large excition with clear borders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

do you need to perform lymph node resection with a a malignant phyllodes tumor

A

no → lesion metastasizes to the lungs and not the lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

milk retention cyst caused by an obstructed milk duct

A

galactocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

New mother who just stopped breast feeding presents with soft, cystic, mobile mass

A

galactocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the best method to diagnose galactocele?

A

clinical history and aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treatment for galactocele

A

let it be → won’t need excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How likely is a galactocele to become cancer?

A

no risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

organism that most likely causes mastitis

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

risk factors for breast abscess/mastitis

A

breast conservation treatment, prior breast infection, breast surgery within 30 days, lactation, trauma (bite, piercing, tattoo), lesions (eczema, intertrigo), implants, smoking, poor hygeince, diabetes, autoimmune disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

If you see infection in non-lactating breast or an abscess does not respond to antibiotic and drainage you must always consider

A

inflammatory carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In high risk patient, what would you order after they recover from mastitis?

A

mammogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Treatment for mastitis

A

NSAID, cool compress, Dicloxacillin or Cephalexin PO, Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

If you are concerned your patient with mastitis has MRSA what would you prescribe them?

A

PO clindamycin, timethoprim-sulfamethazole or linezolid

IV vancoymcin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is Paget Disease?

A

cutaneous sign of underlying breast malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

60 year old patient presents with weeping, red, crusty skin condition of the breast, especially the nipple → states she has severe nipple itchiness

A

Paget Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How do you diagnose Paget Disease?

A

needle biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Paget Disease occurs in ____ patients with breast cancer and ____ of patients with Paget Disease have cancer

A

1-4%

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Common misdiagnosis of Paget Disease

A

dermatitis or bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is considered normal nipple discharge?

A

clear, milky, green-tinged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Patient presents with bloody nipple discharge, what do you do?

A

think cancer → mammogram or surgical evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

If patient presents complaining of nipple discharge that stains the inside of her bra, what is your first thought?

A

galactorrhea → evaluate thyroid and pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

If there is no mass and the nipple discharge is not bloody, what is your treatment of choice?

A

reexamine every 3-4 months for 1 year → mammogram or US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

You have a nonpregnant patient who is not breast feeding and has milky discharge

A

galactorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

If you have a patient with bilateral galactorrhea what do you think is the most likely cause?

A

hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

causes of galactorrhea

A

breast stimulation, trauma, stoping oral contraceptive, oophorectomy, miscarriage, abortion, some meds, increased prolactin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Lab values you want to order if patient presents with galactorrhea

A

serum prolactin, TSH, B-HCG, FSH (if also has amenorrhea), MRI of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

benign solitary lesion that grows in the epithelial linging of the breast ducts

A

intraductal papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Most common cause of bloody nipple discharge in the absence of a mass

A

intraductal papilloma

51
Q

Patient presents with intermittent discharge from one nipple, the discharge is sometimes serous, watery, or bloody

A

intraductal papilloma

52
Q

where do 75% of intraductal papillomas present? How do they feel and size?

A

beneath aerola
small and soft
< 3 cm

53
Q

Most common age range for intraductal papilloma

A

30-50 yo

54
Q

Treatment for intraductal papilloma

A

excisional biopsy of the duct and small amount of surrounding tissue

55
Q

If an intraductal papilloma is not excised how often do you need to check the lesion? Why?

A

every 3-4 months

twofold increase in developing subsequent cancer

56
Q

this is seens most commonly in premenopausal women and believed to be caused by local response to stagnant secretions and calcifications may be common

A

mammary duct ectasia

57
Q

Patient presents with nipple discharge (multicolored, sticky), non-cyclic breast pain, nipple retraction, or subaereolar mass

A

mammary duct ectasia

58
Q

Diagnostic test of choice in patient with mammary duct ectasia

A

mammogram and US

59
Q

Treatment for mammary duct ectasia

A

spontaneously resolves, excision if persistent/recurrent

60
Q

what percentage of new breast cancers are not seen on mammogram?

A

10-15%

61
Q

which diagnostic testing method is most reliable for detecting breat cancer before a mass can be palpated?

A

mammogram

62
Q

What type of mammogram will you order for a young woman with dense breast tissue?

A

digital

63
Q

indications for mammogram

A

screening at risk women at regular intervals, eveluate each breast after curable breast cancer diagnosis is made, eveluate suspicious breast mass, search occult breast cancer in women with metastic disease in the axillary nodes, screening before cosmetic procedures, monitor breast cancer treatment, guide for diagnostic procedures

64
Q

Ordered for asymptomatic women in the hope of detecting a cancer not clinically apparent

A

screening mammogram

65
Q

what is the American Cancer Societ recommendation for breast cancer screening?

A

annually from 45 - 55 → every other year after 55

66
Q

what is ACOG recommendations for screening for breast cancer?

A

should begin by age 50 and screen every 1-2 years → stop screening by 75

67
Q

how are mammogram results reported?

A

BI RADS (breast imaging reporting and date system)

68
Q

two most important mammogram findings suspicious for breast malignancy

A

masses and microcalcifications

69
Q

What is the recommended test for determining if a breast mass is solid or cystic?

A

US and aspiration

70
Q

Is US a good screening method for breast cancer?

A

no → primary diagnostic tool

71
Q

Patient felt a lesion herself on self breast exam, what test do you want to order first?

A

US

72
Q

This breat exam has high sensitivity but low specificity → leading to more unnecessary biopsies

A

MRI

73
Q

This test is recommened in women at high risk for breast cancer, axillary lymph nodes with no mammogram findings, or a patient with Paget Disease with no mammogram findings?

A

MRI

74
Q

what percent of suspected cancer lesions will be benign and what percent of benign looking lesions will be malignant?

A

60%

30%

75
Q

Diagnostic procedure of choice for a breast lesion

A

large needle core biopsy

76
Q

If you are in outpatient setting and feel suspicious lump what test can you do without anesthesia?

A

fine needle biopsy

77
Q

If the patient have mammogram or clinical indication of malignancy, does a negative fine needle biopsy indicate there is nothing to worry about?

A

no

78
Q

Method of choice in testing breast lesions

A

core needle biopsy

79
Q

Women who are considered high risk for developing breast cancer

A

BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene in self or first degree relative, lifetime risk 20-25%, radiation to chest between ages 10-30, Li-Fraumeni syndrome or Cowden syndrome or first defree relative with one of these

80
Q

Rate of breast cancer in American women

A

1 in 8

81
Q

what has lead to the decline of breast cancer in women?

A

discontinue HRT

82
Q

most significant risk factor for breast cancer

A

age

83
Q

what factors increase exposure to estrogen and thus increased risk of breast cancer?

A

first full term pregnancy after 30, early menarche, late menopause, combined HRT after meopause

84
Q

Risk assessment model that evaluates womans risk of developing breast cancer and recommendations

A

Gail 2

85
Q

protective factors for breast cancer

A

breast feeding, physical activity, early surgical or chemical menopause, early pregnancy, don’t drink, healthy diet

86
Q

two main breast cancer genes

A

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

87
Q

Women with BRCA1 or 2 gene have ___ percent of getting breast cancer

A

40-85% → 3-7x greater risk than normal women

88
Q

Women with BRCA1 or 2 gene have ____ percent lifetime risk of ovarian cancer

A

16-60%

89
Q

Men with the BRCA2 gene are at increased risk for what two types of cancer

A

breast and prostate

90
Q

classic presentation of breast cancer

A

hard, immovable, single dominant lesion with irregular borders → often painless

91
Q

Symptoms a patient will complain about with breast cancer

A

breast pain, nipple discharge, erosion, retraction, enlarged/itching nipple, redness, hardness, enlargement/shrinking of brest, axillary mass,

92
Q

Late symptoms of breast cancer

A

back pain, weight loss, bone pain, jaundice

93
Q

Most common site of breat cancer

A

outer wing

94
Q

80% of all breast cancers are

A

nonspecific infiltrating duct carcinoma

95
Q

What do you use to describe a breast mass?

A

size, shape, location, consistency, fixed or not

96
Q

Describe a classical malignant breast mass

A

single, firm, nontender, immobile, irregular borders

97
Q

Describe suspicious lymph nodes

A

> 1 cm, fixed, irregular, firm, mobile

98
Q

What is Breast Conseving Therapy?

A

lumpectomy + radiation

99
Q

What type of biopsy is done to evaluate axillary lymph nodes?

A

sentinel lymph node biopsy

100
Q

what are complications of full axillary node dissection?

A

full arm edema, seroma formation, loss of sensation, shoulder dysfunction

101
Q

Categories for staging breast cancer

A

TNM → Tumor, Lymph Node Status, Metastases

102
Q

what would indicate poor prognosis for breast cancer?

A

larger tumor size, more lymph node involvement, metastases

103
Q

If a high risk patient undergoes radical mastectomy or undergoes conservative breast therapy they should also receive?

A

radiation

104
Q

What are some complications of radiation?

A

arm edema, arm weakenss, radiation pericarditis, soft tissue necrosis

105
Q

three ways a breast cancer tumor can spread

A

local infiltration, lymphatic, hematogenous

106
Q

If a tumor infiltrates locally, where will it most likely go?

A

breast parenchyma → deep pectoral fascia or overlying skin

107
Q

where is breast cancer most ilkely to spread lymphatically?

A

axillary lymph nodes

108
Q

axillary node involvement is directly related to ____ but not the ____ of the tumor within the breast

A

size of primary tumor, location

109
Q

Second place for lymph node metastases

A

internal mammary node chain

110
Q

where is breat cancer most likely to hematogenously spread to?

A

lungs and liver → others are bone, pleura, adrenals, ovaries, brain

111
Q

Factors to consider that may affect chemotherapy choices

A

tumor burden, general health, prior treatment and toxicities

112
Q

Side effects of chemotherapy

A

nausea/vomiting, infertility/premature ovarian failure

small risk → neutropenia, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, leukemia

113
Q

Standard care for patients with stage I, II, III breast cancer

A

surgical resection → radiation or systemic therapy

114
Q

When doing breast augmentation, where is the preferered placement of the implant?

A

under the pectoralis muscle

115
Q

capsule contraction or scarring around the breast implants occurs in what percent of patients?

A

15-25%

116
Q

what percent of implants rupture in patients?

A

5-10%

117
Q

If a patient is getting breast reconstruction after a mastectomy how long should they wait after the surgery to get the implants?

A

at least 3 month if not done at time of mastectomy

118
Q

Can a prepubescent girl get breast augmentation - implants or reduction?

A

no

119
Q

What are the 4 extra views taken by mammogram on a patient with breast implants called?

A

implant displacement views

120
Q

scar tissue that has formed around implants is called ____ and cause you to not be able to perform implant displacement views on mammogram

A

contractures

121
Q

Do women who get breast implants have greater risk of cancer?

A

no but detecting it may be harder

122
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice if you suspect your patient has a ruptured bresat implant?

A

MRI

123
Q

Difference in saline vs silicone implant ruptures

A

saline implants will leaky more quickly while silicone implants will leak very slowly (years) → dangerous

Women's Health (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions