Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ICA > Breast Disease > Flashcards

Breast Disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are breast lobules made up of?

A

acini and interlobular stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

normal histological breast tissue

A

slide 3 7.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

physiological changes to breast tissue during menarche

A

more lobules, bigger interlobular stroma volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

physiological changes to breast tissue during menstrual cycle

A

after ovulation: cell proliferation, stromal oedema
menstraution: smaller lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

physiological changes to breast tissue during pregnancy and breastfeeding

A

increase size and number of lobules, less stroma

filled with colostrum, breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how do breasts change as we age? effect of this?

A

interlobular stroma replaced by adipose

so mammograms become easier to interpret as adipose is less dense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

commonest benign breast tumour

A

fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

benefits of mammograms

A

increased detection of small invasive and in situ carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

presentation of breast conditions

A

pain (advanced)
palpable mass
nipple discharge
skin changes
lumpiness

mammogram abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

breast screening programme

A

47-73 women
3 yearly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what’s looked for on mammograms?

A
  • asymmetric densities e.g. carcinomas, cyst
  • parenchymal deformities
  • calcifications e.g. DCIS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to assess abnormalities found on mammogram?

A

core biopsy, FNAC, more imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which breast conditions cause densities on mammogram? what do they look like?

A

invasive carcinoma- regular, speculated
fibroadenoma- smooth
cyst- central hole of cystic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which breast conditions cause calcifications on mammogram?

A

ductal carcinoma in situ
bengin changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

phyllodes tumour

A

malignant stromal tumour, common in 6th decade of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

better imaging for young women breasts?

A

USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

common age for fibroadenoma

A

<30, reproductive age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acute mastitis
-when it happens
-organism
-symtpoms
-treatment

A

-lactation usually
-s. aureus
-erythematous, painful, pyrexia
-express milk, ABx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fat necrosis
-when it happens
-symptoms
-confirmation

A

-trauma, surgery (fat cells breakdown, macrophages and inflammatory cells surround)
-mass, skin changes, mammogram abnormality
-biopsy

20
Q

fibrocystic change COMMONEST BREAST LESION
-presentation
-treatment
-histology

A

-mass, mammogram abnormality
-fine needle aspiration
-apocrine metaplasia, cyst, fibrosis

21
Q

list some stromal tumours

A

fibroadenoma
phyllodes tumour
lipoma
leiomyoma
hamartoma

22
Q

fibroadenoma
-presentation
-macroscopic
-histology

A

-mobile mass, mammogram abnormality
-well circumscribed, rubbery, grey/white
-stromal/epithelial mix

23
Q

is fibroadenoma true neoplasm?

A

no, localised hyperplasia

24
Q

hormonal causes of gynaecomastia

A

decreased androgen effect
increased oestrogen effect

25
Q

causes of gynaecomastia

A

-klinefelters (XX male, infertility, small testicles)
-oestrogen excess e.g. cirrhosis
-prostate cancer oestrogen treatment
-neonates
-puberty (oestrogen peaks earlier)

26
Q

most common type of breast cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

27
Q

most common location of breast cancer

A

upper outer quadrant

28
Q

risk factors for breast cancer

A

-female
-older age
-early menarche
-late menopause
-nulliparity
-obesity
-exogenous oestrogen
-bigger breast density
-radiation
-family history BRCA1/2

29
Q

genes involved in breast cancer

A

BRCA1/2- tumour suppressor genes
p53

30
Q

define in situ carcinoma

A

neoplastic population of cells limited to ducts and lobules by basement membrane, myoepithelial cells preserved

doesn’t invade vessels so cant metastasise

31
Q

why is DCIS a problem?

A

-precursor to invasive carcinoma
-spread through ducts/lobules to be extensive

32
Q

histology of DCIS

A

central (comedo) necrosis
calcification

33
Q

sentinel lymph nodes for breast cancer

A

axillary

34
Q

peau d’orange

A

shows involvement of lymphatic skin drainage

35
Q

Paget’s disease

A

unilateral red, crusting, scaling, bleeding nipple as cells extend to nipple skin without crossing BM

associated with DCIS/invasive carcinoma

36
Q

triple approach to diagnosing breast cancer

A
  1. clinical: FH, exam
  2. imaging: mammogram, USS
  3. pathology: core biopsy, fine needle aspiration cytology
37
Q

classify breast carcinoma, and histological appearance of the main ones

A

invasive ductal carcinoma
70-80%
-well differentiated: tubules lined by atypical cells
-poor differentiated: sheets of atypical pleomorphic cells

invasive lobular carcinoma
-infiltrating cells in single file, lack cohesion

tubular, mucinous

38
Q

why’s the spread of invasive lobular carcinoma different?

A

can spread to weird places e.g. peritoneum, leptomeninges, GI tract, ovaries

39
Q

molecular classifications of breast cancer

A

-HER2 positive or negative
-oestrogen receptor positive or negative

40
Q

surgeries available for breast cancer

A

-total mastectomy
-wide local excision
-axillary dissection surgery

41
Q

hormonal treatment of breast cancer

A

oestrogen receptor positive: tamoxifen
HER2 receptor positive: Herceptin (trastuzumab)

42
Q

staining if oestrogen receptor positive

A

nuclear

43
Q

staining if HER2 receptor positive

A

cytoplasmic, around malignant cells

44
Q

how to improve breast cancer survival

A

-early detection
-neoadjuvant chemo
-hormal treatment
-gene expression profiles
-genetic screening, prophylactic mastectomy

45
Q

breast cancer staging

A

TNM

46
Q

intraductal papilloma
-symtpoms
-why

A

-sponenous discharge from one nipple
-benign growth in single milk duct

ICA (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions