Breast Cysts

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs inside the breast, which are usually not cancerous (benign).

Question 2

Aetiology

Answer 2

Breast cysts are caused by proliferation of the terminal ducts. They can be microscopic in nature or can present as ‘gross cysts’ which can be several centimetres large.

Question 3

Epidemiology

Answer 3

Affect about 7% of western women
Cysts occur most commonly in the age group 40-50yrs
Common in women before menopause

Question 4

Risk Factors

Answer 4

Menopausal hormone therapy (postmenopausal hormone use)

A family history of breast cancer or benign breast conditions.

Question 5

Presenting symptoms/signs on physical examination

Answer 5

A smooth, easily movable round or oval lump with distinct edges (which typically, though not always, indicates it’s benign)

Nipple discharge that may be clear, yellow, straw colored or dark brown

Breast pain or tenderness in the area of the breast lump

Increase in breast lump size and breast tenderness just before your period

Decrease in breast lump size and resolution of other symptoms after your period

Question 6

Investigations

Answer 6

Physical exam to evaluate the breast lump
Mammogram and breast ultrasound to determine if breast lump is benign
If the tests are inconclusive then a biopsy may be performed
If confirmed benign then no further action
Doctor may monitor to see if it changes, grows or disappears over time