Breast Cancer/Surgery & Female Reproductive System

Question 0

What is the definition of the following terms related Menstrual Disorders:

1) Amenorrhea
2) Dysmenorrhea
3) Menorhagia
4) Metrorrhagia
5) Premenstrual Syndrome
6) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Answer 0

1) Amenorrhea - Absence of menses
2) Dysmenorrhea - Painful menses
3) Menorhagia - Excessive menstrual bleeding
4) Metrorrhagia - Excessive & prolonged menstrual bleeding
5) Premenstrual Syndrome - PMS
6) Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder - Severe PMS

Question 1

Oligomenorrhea Vs. Polymenorrhea

Answer 1

1) Oligomenorrhea - Menstrual cycle greater than 35 days

2) Polymenorrhea - Menstrual cycle less than 21 days

Question 2

How does Candidiasis (VVC) differ from Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)?

Answer 2

VVC is a fungus and the discharge is generally thick, white and curd-like (cottage cheese-like) and is odorless.
BV is a bacterial infection with a gray discharge and fishy smell.

Question 3

Define Dyschezia

Answer 3

Pain with defacation

Question 4

What are the 2 greatest risk factors for Ovarian Cancer?

Answer 4

1) Family Hx of ovarian, breast or colon cancer

2) Hereditary nonpolypsis colorectal cancer

Question 5

Which particular group of women have a really high risk for getting Ovarian Cancer?

Answer 5

Women who have never been pregnant

Question 6

What are the 5 “other” risk factors for getting Ovarian Cancer?

Answer 6

1) ⬆ Age
2) High fat diet
3) ⬆ number of Ovulatory cycles
4) Hormone replacement therapy
5) Use of infertility drugs

Question 7

Which 4 things decrease the risk for getting Ovarian Cancer?

Answer 7

1) Oral contraceptives
2) Breast feeding
3) Multiple pregnancies
4) Early age at first birth of child

Question 8

Since no screening tests exist for ovarian cancer, how are patients checked?

Answer 8

Yearly bimanual examination

Question 9

Which antigen is test for in patients screening for Ovarian cancer?

Answer 9

Cancer-antigen 125 (CA-125)

Question 10

What is a Hysterectomy and which 3 different methods can be used to do it?

Answer 10

Hysterectomy is the removal of the uterus and cervix and it can be done vaginally, laparoscopically and abdominally.

Question 11

What is a Radical Hysterectomy?

Answer 11

Includes hysterectomy, partial vaginectomy and dissection of the lymph nodes in the pelvis.

Question 12

Why would you want to increase fiber in a patient who is post-op for a hysterectomy?

Answer 12

This facilitates BM and prevents straining

Question 13

Besides a Family Hx, what are the 9 listed risk factors for Breast Cancer?

Answer 13

1) Hormonal regulation
2) Adulthood weight gain
3) Dietary fat intake
4) Obesity
5) Alcohol intake
6) Radiation exposure
7) Age > 50
8) Early menarche or late menopause
9) Full-term pregnancy > 30 years of age

Question 14

Which 3 types of therapies are used for patients with Breast cancer?

Answer 14

1) Chemotherapy
2) Radiation Therapy
3) Hormone Therapy - By destroying ovaries or taking drugs to suppress estrogen

Question 15

If palpable, what are the 6 characteristics of a Breast cancer lump?

Answer 15

1) Hard
2) Unilateral
3) Poorly delineated
4) Non-mobile
5) Irregularly shaped
6) Non-tender

Question 16

Which 4 changes to the breast are related to Breast Cancer?

Answer 16

1) Nipple retraction
2) Breast dimpling
3) Orange peel (Peau d’ orange)
4) Clear or bloody nipple discharge

Question 17

What two things can cause Lymphedema?

Answer 17

1) Lymph excision

2) Radiation of lymph nodes

Question 18

Patients with Lymphedema may experience which 6 listed symptoms?

Answer 18

1) Heaviness
2) Pain
3) Impaired motor function in arm
4) Numbness
5) Paresthesia of the fingers
6) Cellulitis and progressive fibrosis