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Ch. 16 Breast Pathology > Breast Cancer > Flashcards

Breast Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Triple negative breast cancer means

A

ER -
PR -
Her2 -

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2
Q

DCIS presentation

A

usually calcifications on mammogram in older woman

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3
Q

Paget is a type of

A

DCIS

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4
Q

Subtype of DCIS w/ necrosis and dystrophic calcification in center of ducts

A

comedo type of DCIS

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5
Q

Presentation of Paget

A

nipple erythema and ulceration

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6
Q

Tubular carcinoma
histology
prognosis

A

ductal carcinoma absence of 2nd cell type ie myoepithelial cells
good prognosis

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7
Q

Mucinous carcinoma
histology
prognosis

A

ductal carcinoma in abundant extracellular mucin
good prognosis
*cancer cells stuck in mucin, can’t go anywhere
*usually in elderly

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8
Q

Medullary carcinoma
histology
prognosis

A

ductal carcinoma, mimics fibroadenoma

good prognosis

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9
Q

Inflammatory carcinoma
histology
prognosis

A

infiltration into dermal lymphatics
poor prognosis
*poor prognosis because already spread to lymph nodes

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10
Q

LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ)
defining characteristic
interesting complication
Tx and prognosis

A

absence of E-cadherin, single file line of invasion because cannot adhere to adjacent cells
finding LCIS in one breast puts BOTH breasts at greater risk of developing lobular carcinoma
Tx: tamoxifen, good prognosis

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11
Q

LCIS: when it’s found

A

usually incidentally on Bx

  • does not calcify
  • not usually papable
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12
Q

Invasive lobular carcinoma

A

LCIS that invades basement membrane

single-file pattern of invasion

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13
Q

How to perform sentinel node Bx

A

inject dye into breast
go find the first layer/sheet of axillary nodes
take them out
look for the day
*no dye = no axillary mets, close and get out
*dye present = take out all the nodes

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14
Q

Why a senitel node Bx is possible

A 
axillary nodes line up in sheets
each row here is a set of nodes, prox to distal from breast
1    2   3   4
|     |    |     |
|     |    |     |
|     |    |     |
|     |    |     |
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15
Q

Her2 is what type of receptor

how does it cause pathology

A

tyrosine kinase receptor
Her2 overexpression causes auto-activation of TK
increased proliferation of cells

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16
Q

How does BRCA1 cause pathology

A

normally creates ssDNA where DNA is messed up
cleans off broken strand
recruits BRCA2
absence = no repair

17
Q

How does BRCA2 cause pathology

A

recruits factors to bring in Rad51 to promote strand invasion
absence = no repair

18
Q

How ER+ breast cancer causes pathology

A

ER+ breast cancer has increased FoxA1 expression
FoxA1 opens promoter for Cyclin D
more Cyclin D
G1–>S phase progression

19
Q

Male breast cancer population

A

older men

BRCA2 carriers or Klinefelter syndrome

20
Q

Which BRCA puts men at risk for breast cancer

A

BRCA2

Ch. 16 Breast Pathology (4 decks)

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