Breast Flashcards
Fibrocystic breast changes
Usually bilateral. Round of shape. Soft or firm consistency. Mobile. No retraction. Usually tender. Well delineated orders. Varies with Menzies.
Fibroadenoma
Usually bilateral. Single lumps, but maybe multiple. Round or discoid in shape. Firm or robbery and consistency. Mobile. No retraction. Usually nontender. Orders are well delineated. No variation with Menzies
Cancerous breast lumps
Usually age 30 to 80. Usually unilateral. Single lamp. Irregular or stellate shape. Hard, so like consistency. Fixed, not mobile. Retraction often present. Usually nontender. Borders poorly delineated any regular. No variation with Menzies
Fat necrosis
Benign breast lump occurs as inflammatory response to local injury
Patho: Necrotic fat in cellular debris becomes fibrotic in May contract into a scar
Subjective: History of trauma to the breast, including surgery. Painless lump
Objective: Firm, a regular mass, often appearing as an area of discoloration. May make breast malignancy and clinical examination her breast imaging, requiring biopsy for diagnosis
Intraductal papillomas and papillomatosis
-But nine tumor’s of the nipples that produce nipple discharge
Patho:
Subjective: Spontaneous nipple discharge, usually unilateral. Usually Sarris or bloody.
Objective: Single – duct unilateral nipple discharge provoked on physical examination. Mass behind the nipple may or may not be present. May need to be excised and examine to rule out malignancy.
Duct ectasia
-Benign condition of the subareolar ducts that produce nipple discharge
Patho: Subareolar ducts become dilated them blocked. Occurs most commonly a menopausal women
Subjective: Spontaneous unilateral or bilateral nipple discharge. Discharge often green or brown in color. Discharge maybe sticky.
Objective: Single or multi ductile. Unilateral or bilateral nipple to charge provoked on physical examination. Mass behind the nipple may or may not be present. Breast may or may not be tender. Nipple retraction maybe present.
Galactorrhea
-Lactation not associated with childbearing
Patho: Elevated levels of prolactin. Common causes include pituitary secreting tumor’s
Subjective: Spontaneous nipple discharge, usually bilateral, usually serious or milky. Possible related medical history includes amenorrhea, pregnancy, post abortion, hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, chronic real renal failure. Meds that can cause this are TCAs, some HTN meds, Marijuana, amphetamines, opiates. Possible physiologic history includes suckling, stress, dehydration, exercise, nipple stimulation
Objective: Multi ductile nipple discharge may or may not be provoked on physical examination. No Mas
Paget disease
-Surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma
Patho: Migration of malignant epithelial cells from the underlying ductile carcinoma to the skin. Tumor cells disrupt the skin, allowing extracellular fluid to seep out onto the nipple surface
Subjective: Christinas of the nipple, Ariola, and surrounding skin. Pruritis of the nipple common.
Objective: Red, scaley, crusty patch on the nipple, Ariola, and surrounding skin. Maybe unilateral or bilateral. Appears like eczema, but does not respond to steroids.
Mastitis
-Inflammation infection of the breast tissue
Patho: Most caused by staph
Subjective: Sudden onset of swelling, tenderness, redness, and heat in the brass. Usually accompanied by chills, fever.
Objective: Tender, hard breast mass, with an area at fluctuation, erythema, and heat. They have discharge of pus. Underlying passed Asheville and abscess made in part a bluish tinge to the skin.
Gynecomastia
-Breast enlargement in men
Patho: Increased body fat. Hormone in balance from puberty or aging. By testicular, pituitary, or hormone secreting tumor’s. When testosterone levels are low relative to estrogen, breast grow larger and are more noticeable.
Subjective: Breast enlargement. Relevant medication history.
Objective: smooth, firm, mobile, tender does the breast tissue located behind the Ariola. Usually nontender. Maybe unilateral or bilateral. Amount of breast tissue berries. Can be small overgrowth of breast tissue around the Ariola and nipple, to larger, more female looking breasts
Genetic counseling or BRCA testing
Not recommended in women whose family history is not associated with an increased risk for mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene
Recommended for women whose family history is associated with an increased risk for mutations on the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. Family history includes Two or more 1st° or second-degree relatives with a history of ovarian or breast cancer. For women of Ashkenazi Jewish dissent, any 1st° relative with breast or ovarian cancer. Only 2% of adult women in the general population meet these criteria.
mammography breast screening
40–49 years: individualized decision to begin biennial screening according to the patient’s circumstances and values.
50–74 years: screen every two years.
Women over 75: no recommendation
