Break down of the Grand Alliance

Question 1

What was agreed at Dumbarton Oaks?

Answer 1

General assembly of all states

Security council of US, USSR, UK, France & China

Question 2

What power did the security council have?

Answer 2

The ability to veto decisions in the assembly

Question 3

Why didn’t the USSR like the right of veto & what did they propose?

Answer 3

They feel they will be blocked as capitalists outnumber communists in council.
USSR wants all 16 Soviet republics to get a seat in the Assembly

Question 4

What was the conclusion of the veto debate?

Answer 4

Right to veto allowed & Belarus & Ukraine can join

Question 5

Why did the US lose their nuclear monopoly

Answer 5

Soviet spies leaked information

Question 6

Who was in the Manhattan project & what did they propose happened with nuclear weapons?

Answer 6

US, UK & Canada

Call for creation UN Atomic Energy Commission to create rules on nuclear

Question 7

What rules did the UN Atomic Energy Commission propose?

Answer 7

1) Inspections to ensure people weren’t secretly making nuclear bombs
2) Control measures
3) Share basic scientific information
4) Eliminate national atomic weapons

Question 8

How did the USSR want to amend the proposed UN AEC?

What was the US response

Answer 8

Agree to at the Moscow Conference of Foreign ministers but only if there was veto power & it reported to the security council
US say no country can have veto

Question 9

What was the result of the veto ban on the UN AEC?

Answer 9

It creates distrust & the USSR & US start vetoing eachother preventing further regulation

Question 10

Why did the US agree to the USSR’s call for a harsh Italian treaty?

Answer 10

They had to concede to prevent the USSR claiming Libya (part of Italian empire - becomes UN run state)

Question 11

What did the US insist must happen before any peace treaties could be signed with the minor axis powers?

Answer 11

Independent government’s must be formed to represent the people

Question 12

Why did the USSR want a quick conclusion to the Eastern European peace treties?

Answer 12

They wanted UK / US influence out of the ACC & to obtain reparations

Question 13

Why would neither side allow the other to dominate Germany?

Answer 13

It had had huge military & economic strength

Question 14

How did Stalin hope to bring Germany into the Soviet zone of influence?

Answer 14

Via Soviet control of the West & democratic elections

Question 15

What was the Socialist Unity Party (SED)

Answer 15

A party formed from the forced merger between the East German Socialists (SPD) & the communist party (KPD)

Question 16

What happened during the SPD & KPD merger?

What did the merger result in?

Answer 16

20,000 SPD members were arrested, interrogated or murdered

Western fear of communist activiities

Question 17

What happened to the Berlin SPD party?

Answer 17

They refuse to merge with the KPD by an 82% vote

Question 18

What did the US & UK want to happen to their German zones?

Answer 18

For them to become self supporting

Question 19

What caused the US & UK to call out for self suppporting zones?

Answer 19

An influx of refugees from former German territories. Couldn’t afford to pay for food imports (UK forced to introduce rationing in UK to do so)

Question 20

What did the US do in response to the economic pressures of their zone?

Answer 20

Delayed Soviet reparation payments

Question 21

What was the soviet response to the stopped US reparations

Answer 21

saw it as an attempt to force capitalism & increase production in their zone - 213 German companies become Soviet

Question 22

How did the US & UK attempt to solve the economic issues of their zones?

Answer 22

They merged their zones to form Bizonia. They claimed this created a trade surplus which would let them pay SOviet reparations

Question 23

What was the soviet response to Bizonia

Answer 23

Called it a breach of Potsdam & see it as start of West State

Question 24

What happened at the Moscow conference of ministers to try and counter Bizonia

Answer 24

Nothing.

several solutions proposed; but they don’t agree so Bizonia continues to exist

Question 25

Iron Curtain Speech

who, what & response?

Answer 25

Churchill
Accuses USSR of expansionism
Stalin calls him mad (classy)

Question 26

Poland
What happened?
Naturally communist?

Answer 26

Communists win the election (via terror & falsification). The comm leader Gomulka is later removed for being too independent.
No; rigged election

Question 27

Romania
What happened?
Naturally communist?

Answer 27

Win election - some opposition murdered / opposition newspapers closed - would have won anyhow though. King abdicates
no

Question 28

Bulgaria
What happened?
Naturally communist?

Answer 28

initially Stalin allows 2 opposition members in comm party to pretend all is good - later tells the party how to ‘smother’ the opp.
Marshall plan turns Bulgaria into front line defense vs capitalism; comm’s win election & opposition liquidated
no.

Question 29

Which three countries are different in their becoming communist & why?

Answer 29

Hungary & Czechoslovakia - initially left as left to west with comm influence not domination

Yugoslavia - does it w/o Stalin

Question 30

What happens in Czechoslovakia?

Answer 30

Initially given free elections etc.

After gov. votes to go to the Paris conference (marshall aid) there’s a communist coup

Question 31

What happens in Hungary?

Answer 31

Initially given free elections etc.

the opposition leader is arrested & the parties forced to merge

Question 32

What happens in Yugoslavia

Answer 32

People’s front wins power by themselves - 90% in elections followed by revolution
Get into dispute with US & UK about Trieste (area of land) but Stalin doesn’t help Yugoslavia