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Brand/generic/ clinical pearls Flashcards

1
Q

Metronidazole

A

Flagyl, Flagyl ER
-Anti-infective
-Anti-bacterial, Antiprotozoal
-Finish course as prescribed. Avoid alcohol during therapy and for 2 days after. May discolor urine reddish-brown

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2
Q

Fluconazole

A

Diflucan
-Finish course as prescribed. May cause headache and GI upset. CYP interactions: strongly inhibits 2C9, 2C19 (clopidogrel, warfarin, and phenytoin); moderately inhibits 3A4, may prolong QT interval

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3
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Nizoral
-Available topically or orally. Tablets should be taken with food. Drug is absorbed best in acidic conditions; avoid antacids, PPI’s and H2 blockers for 2 hours before and after administration. Major CYP3A4 drug interactions. Topical formulations are flammable. Potential for hepatotoxicity.

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4
Q

Nystatin

A

Mycostatin, Nystop
-Available in many different dosage forms (topical, oral, suspension, powder) and some combination products. Suspensions can be dosed as “swish and spit” for oral candidiasis or “swish and swallow” for esophageal candidiasis

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5
Q

Terbinafine

A

Lamisil
-Finish course as prescribed. Topical formulation available OTC and is most common use

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6
Q

Acyclovir

A

Zovirax
-Available topically and orally. Avoid intercourse during herpes outbreaks. Dose and duration depends on indication. CNS side effects especially in elderly and renal impairment. Interacts with herpes zoster vaccine. Stay well hydrated.

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7
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Valtrex
-Avoid intercourse during herpes outbreaks. Dose and duration depends on indication. CNS side effects especially in elderly and renal impairment/ Interacts with herpes zoster vaccine. Stay well hydrated.

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8
Q

Cephalexin

A

Keflex
-Finish course as prescribed. May cause GI upset. Hypersensitivity reactions may occur if allergic to penicillin and/or other cephalosporins. May decrease absorption of oral contraceptives.

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9
Q

Cefuroxime axetil

A

Ceftin
-Finish course as prescribed. May cause GI upset. Hypersensitivity reactions may occur if allergic to penicillin and or other cephalosporins. May decrease absorption of oral contraceptives

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10
Q

Cefdinir

A

Omnicef
-Finish course as prescribed. May cause GI upset. Hypersensitivity reactions may occur if allergic to penicillin or other cephalosporins. May decrease absorption of oral contraceptives

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11
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Cipro (XR)
-Finish course as prescribed. Monitor glucose. Do not take within 2 hours of consuming foods or other products containing di- or trivalent cations (milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins and supplements) May cause sun sensitivity and CNS side effects. FDA requires assessments of risk of QTc prolongation. BBW for tendonitis/ tendon rupture. Available orally and in opthalmic and otic suspensions

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12
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Levaquin
-Finish course as prescribed. Monitor glucose. Do not take within 2 hours of consuming foods or other products containing di- or trivalent cations (milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins and supplements) May cause sun sensitivity and CNS side effects. FDA requires assessments of risk of QTc prolongation. BBW for tendonitis/ tendon rupture. Available orally and in ophthalmic suspensions

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13
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Avelox
-Finish course as prescribed. Monitor glucose. Do not take within 2 hours of consuming foods or other products containing di- or trivalent cations (milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins and supplements) May cause sun sensitivity and CNS side effects. FDA requires assessments of risk of QTc prolongation. BBW for tendonitis/ tendon rupture. Available orally and in ophthalmic suspensions (Vigamox, Moxeza)

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14
Q

Azithroycin

A

Zithromax, zmax, Azasite
-finish course as prescribed. No 3A4 inhibition. QT prolongation possible. Ophthalmic solution (Azasite) is refrigerated

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15
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Biaxin (XL)
-Finish course as prescribed. May impart metallic taste. Inhibits CYP 3A4. QT prolongation possible

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16
Q

Clindamycin

A

Cleocin, Cleocin T, Evoclin, Clindagel
-Available in many dosage forms (oral, topical, vaginal suppository, powder for suspension) and combination products. Oral therapy may cause C.diff associated severe diarrhea. Suspension has a horrible taste, little flavoring options available.

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17
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Macrobid, Macrodantin, Furadantin
-Take with food to enhance absorption. May cause peripheral neuropathy or pulmonary fibrosis. Shake suspension thoroughly.

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18
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil
-Finish course as prescribed. May cause GI upset; take with food. Hypersensitivity reaction possible. May decrease efficacy of oral contraceptives. Secondary vaginal yeast infection may develop. Shake suspension well and keep refrigerated

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19
Q

Amoxicillin + clavulanate

A

Augmentin, Augmentin XR
- Finish course as prescribed. May cause GI upset; take with food. More likely to have diarrhea bc of clavulanate- maintain hydration. Clavulanic acid doses vary among formulations; double-check if using alternate formulation to achieve prescribed dose. Shake susp well and keep refrigerated, note exp date

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20
Q

Penicillin V potassium

A

Veetids, Pen-Vee K
-Finish course as prescribed. May cause GI Upset; take with food. C. diff associated diarrhea may develop. Hypersensitivity reactions possible

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21
Q

Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim

A

Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Septra, Spetra DS
-Finish course as prescribed. Take with plenty of water. Increase sensitivity to sunlight. Increased risk of hypoglycemia if taken with other sulfonylureas. Severe life-threatening skin reactions possible

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22
Q

Doxycycline

A

Vibramycin, Doryx, Adoxa, Monodox, Oracea, Periostat
-May increase sensitivity to sunlight. Do not take within 2 hours of consuming food or other products containing di- or trivalent cations (ex. milk, calcium antacids, multivitamins and supplements) Hyclate and monohydrate salts not interchangeable

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23
Q

Metronidazole (topical)

A

metrogel, metrogel-vaginal, metrocream, metrolotion
-use condoms during vaginal therapy. some drug is absorbed systemically; avoid alcohol consumption during therapy and for 2 days after. Also used topically on the face for rosacea.

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24
Q

Mupirocin

A

Bactroban
-Used most in hospital to reduce the risk of MRSA infection from carriers

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25
Q

Nystatin + triamcinolone

A

Mycolog II
-use sparing amount, avoid application around eyes

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26
Q

Chlorhexidine gluconate

A

Peridex, Periogard
-Tx for gingivitis/ periodontitis
-swish and spit 15 mls BID

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27
Q

Olsetamivir

A

Tamiflu
-BID dosing for Tx, QD dosing for prophylaxis, Tx within 24-48 hours of sx, rarely causes behavioral disturbances inc delirium, risk of anaphylaxis and allergic skin reactions

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28
Q

Emtricitabine + Tenofovir

A

Truvada
-Reverse Transcriptase inhibitor
-Adherence important to prevent resistance. May be taken without regard to food. May cause decrease in bone mineral density, fat redistribution, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, and renal toxicity. Recently approved for pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis for those whose partner has HIV; must have regular testing every 3 months

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29
Q

Zidovudine +lamivudine

A

Combivir
-Reverse transcriptase inhibitor
-Adherence important to prevent resistance. May be taken without regard to food. May cause fat redistribution, lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, myopathy, and hematologic toxicity.

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30
Q

Enalapril

A

Vasotec
-Pregnancy category D. May cause dry cough, first-dose hypotension (especially in CHF and hypervolemia) and hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes) Angioedema is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and medical intervention may be necessary. Drug has renoprotective properties, but may also cause acute renal failure; monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase.

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31
Q

Ramipril

A

Altace
-Pregnancy category D. May cause dry cough, first-dose hypotension (especially in CHF and hypervolemia) and hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes) Angioedema is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and medical intervention may be necessary. Drug has renoprotective properties, but may also cause acute renal failure; monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase. May have greater benefit if dosed at bedtime

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32
Q

Quinapril

A

Accupril, Accuretic
-Pregnancy category D. May cause dry cough, first-dose hypotension (especially in CHF and hypervolemia) and hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes) Angioedema is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and medical intervention may be necessary. Drug has renoprotective properties, but may also cause acute renal failure; monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase.

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33
Q

Benazepril, Ben/HCTZ

A

Lotensin, Lotensin HCT
-Pregnancy category x. May cause dry cough, first-dose hypotension (especially in CHF and hypervolemia) and hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes) Angioedema is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and medical intervention may be necessary. Drug has renoprotective properties, but may also cause acute renal failure; monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase.

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34
Q

Lisinopril, Lis/HCTZ

A

Zestril or Prinivil, Zestoretic
-Pregnancy category D. May cause dry cough, first-dose hypotension (especially in CHF and hypervolemia) and hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes) Angioedema is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and medical intervention may be necessary. Drug has renoprotective properties, but may also cause acute renal failure; monitor serum creatinine and discontinue if >30% increase.

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35
Q

Doxazosin Mesylate

A

Cardura, Cardura XL
*Alpha 1 blocker
-May cause postural hypotension/orthostasis after first dose or an increase in dose. Dizziness and headache commo

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36
Q

Terozosin

A

Hytrin
*Alpha 1 blocker
-May cause postural hypotension/ orthostasis after first dose or increase in dose. Dizziness and headache common

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37
Q

Clonidine

A

Catapres, Catapres TTS, Nexiclon XR, Kapvay ER
*Alpha II agonist
May cause drowsiness, dry mouth, or skin reactions. Rotate patch application sites and discard patches carefully. Do not discontinue abruptly.

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38
Q

Amiodarone

A

Cordarone
*Antiarrhythmic
Many drug interactions, complicated by extremely long half life of 40-50 days. Hepatic and pulmonary damage possible; notify MD if jaundice, dark urine or trouble breathing occur. May cause thyroid problems, hypotension, bradycardia, ocular disease and exacerbate arrhythmia. Have regular ophthalmic visits. May cause skin to turn bluish-grey in color.

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39
Q

Warfarin

A

Coumadin
*anticoagulant
-risk of bleeding, especially GI. Very narrow therapeutic index, INR must be monitored regularly and vitamin K intake should be uniform. Many drug interactions; always check with MD or RPh when taking a new medication

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40
Q

Fenofibrate

A

TRICOR, Trilipix
*Antihyperlipidemic
-Risk of myopathy; taking with statins increase risk. Discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine) to MD and/or RPh. Increases action of sulfonylureas; monitor for hypoglycemia. No good outcome data; FIELD and ACCORD Lipid were not positive. Safer to combine with a statin than gemfibrozil, but not evidence based. Many different “brand” formulations

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41
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Lopid
-antihyperlipidemic
-Increases effects of statins and therefore myopathy risk; discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine to MD or RPh. Should be taken 30 minutes before breakfast and dinner. Increased risk of gallstones.

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41
Q

Niacin

A

Niaspan ER
*antihyperlipidemic
-Causes flushing in most individuals (>80%); take at bedtime with a low-fat snack and 325 mg aspirin to reduce effects. Doses higher than 2g/day may cause hepatotoxicity

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42
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor
*Antihyperlipidemic- HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
-Pregnancy category X. Myopathy is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine) to MD or RPh. May be taken at anytime of day. Avoid excessive alcohol and grapefruit juice. Some CYP3A4 interactions

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43
Q

Lovastatin

A

Mevacor, Altoprev ER
*HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
–Pregnancy category X. Myopathy is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine) to MD or RPh. Take in the evening. Avoid excessive alcohol and grapefruit juice. Some CYP3A4 interactions

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44
Q

Pravastatin

A

Pravachol
*HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
–Pregnancy category X. Myopathy is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine) to MD or RPh. Avoid excessive alcohol and grapefruit juice. Significantly fewer drug interactions compared to other statins (cleared by kidney rather than liver)

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45
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Crestor
*HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
–Pregnancy category X. Myopathy is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine) to MD or RPh. May be taken at anytime of day. Avoid excessive alcohol and grapefruit juice.

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46
Q
A
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47
Q

Simvastatin/ Ezetimibe

A

Vytorin
*HMG CoA reductase inhibitor and cholesterol absorption inhibitor
–Pregnancy category X. Myopathy is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine) to MD or RPh. Take in the evening. Avoid excessive alcohol and grapefruit juice. Several CYP 3A4 interactions. Lacks data that combination is superior to simvastatin alone.

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48
Q

Simvastatin

A

Zocor
*HMG reductase inhibitor
–Pregnancy category X. Myopathy is a serious reaction; discontinue immediately and report any signs (muscle pain, brown urine) to MD or RPh. Take in the evening. Avoid excessive alcohol and grapefruit juice. Some CYP3A4 interactions

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49
Q

Aspirin

A

Ecotrin
*Antiplatelet
-Used for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular accident treatment/prophylaxis. 75-325 mg po daily. Risk/benefit important for prophylaxis decisions. Increased risk of bleeding. Be aware of hypersensitivity reactions especially in patients with allergic triad as a allergy, nasal polyps, and asthma, avoid in children due to risk of Reye Syndrome

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50
Q

Amlodipine + Valsartan

A

Exforge, Exforge HCT
*ARB + calcium channel blocker

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51
Q

Valsartan, Val/HCTZ

A

Diovan, Diovan HCT
*ARB
-BBW in pregnancy. May cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes, potassium sparing diuretics), and renal dysfunction (discontinue if serum creatinine increase >30%) NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect and increase risk of renal dysfunction. Taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

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52
Q

Irbesartan, Irbesartan/ HCTZ

A

Avapro, Avalide
*ARB
-BBW in pregnancy. May cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes, potassium sparing diuretics), and renal dysfunction (discontinue if serum creatinine increase >30%) NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect and increase risk of renal dysfunction. Taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

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53
Q

Candesartan, Can/HCTZ

A

Atacand, Atacand HCT
*ARB
-BBW in pregnancy. May cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes, potassium sparing diuretics), and renal dysfunction (discontinue if serum creatinine increase >30%) NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect and increase risk of renal dysfunction. Taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

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54
Q

Olmesartan

A

Benicar, Benicar HCT
*ARB
-BBW in pregnancy. May cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes, potassium sparing diuretics), and renal dysfunction (discontinue if serum creatinine increase >30%) NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect and increase risk of renal dysfunction. Taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

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55
Q

Losartan, Los/HCTZ

A

Cozaar, Hyzaar
*ARB
-BBW in pregnancy. May cause dizziness, hypotension, hyperkalemia (avoid salt substitutes, potassium sparing diuretics), and renal dysfunction (discontinue if serum creatinine increase >30%) NSAIDs reduce antihypertensive effect and increase risk of renal dysfunction. Taking with ACE inhibitor or renin inhibitor increases side effects with little benefit

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56
Q

Atenolol

A

Tenormin
*Beta Blocker, Beta 1 selective
-May cause drowsiness. Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia. Do not discontinue abruptly. Limited evidence/data

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57
Q

Metoprolol Succinate

A

Toprol XL
*Beta blocker, beta 1 selective
-may cause drowsiness. Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia. Do not discontinue abruptly. Succinate and tartrate salts are not interchangeable

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58
Q

Metoprolol tartrate

A

Lopressor
*Beta blocker, beta 1 selective
-may cause drowsiness. Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

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59
Q

bisoprolol, bisoprolol + HCTZ

A

Zebeta, Ziac
*Beta blocker, beta 1 selective
-may cause drowsiness. Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia. Do not discontinue due to risk of tachycardia and hypertension. Bisoprolol has outcome data in heart failure; target dose of 10 mg/day

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60
Q

atenolol/chlorithalidone

A

Tenoretic
*beta blocker, beta 1 selective

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61
Q

Propranolol

A

Inderal, Inderal LA, Innopran, Innorpan XL
*Beta blocker, nonselective
-May cause drowsiness. Masks symptoms of hypoglycemia. Do not discontinue abruptly. LA and immediate release formulation are not mg-mg equivalent; dose may need to be increased up to 30% when converting from immediate release to LA

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62
Q

Carvedilol

A

Coreg
*Beta blocker, nonselective, alpha 1 blocker
-may cause drowsiness. masks symptoms of hypoglycemia. Do not discontinue abruptly. CR and immediate release are not mg-mg equivalent; CR 10 mg equivalent to 3.125 mg BID of immediate release.

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63
Q

Labetalol

A

Normodyne or Tradate
*Beta blocker, nonselective; alpha 1 blocker
-may cause drowsiness. masks symptoms of hypoglycemia. do not discontinue abruptly

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64
Q

digoxin

A

Lanoxin or Lanoxicap
*Cardiac glycoside: + inotropic, - chronotropic
-narrow therapeutic index, many drug interactions. Digoxin toxicity possible (anorexia, nausea, fatigue, vision disturbances, bradycardia, arrhythmias)

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65
Q

Amlodipine + olmesartan

A

Azor, tribenzor

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66
Q

amlodipine

A

Norvasc
*dihydro calcium channel blocker
-may cause drowsiness, risk of hypotension and orthostasis. Risk of peripheral edema that is not responsive to diuretics but may be relieved by ACEi or ARB

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67
Q

Nifedipine

A

Procardia, Procardia XL, Adalat
*Dihydro CCB
-may cause drowsiness. risk of peripheral edema that is not responsive to diuretics. ACEi or ARB used to reverse. Adalat and Procardia not equivalent, double-check when dispensing generics

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68
Q

Amlodipine + Benazepril

A

Lotrel
*Dihydro CCB + ACEi

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69
Q

Amlodipine +Atorvastatin

A

Caudet
*dihydroCCB + HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
-titrate amlodipine to response over 1-2 weeks and atorvastatin in 6-8 weeks

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70
Q

Dabigatran

A

Pradaxa
*direct thrombin inhibitor
-Monitor for bleeding. May cause some GI upset. Store capsules in original container or blister pack; discard unused medication after 4 months. Do not crush, chew or open capsules. If a dose is missed, do not take a double dose if more than 6 hours have passed. Drug interaction with p-glycoprotein substrates (dronedarone, ketoconazole, rifampin). Dose should be adjusted for kidney function. discontinuation for surgery determined by creatinine clearance

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71
Q

potassium chloride

A

Klor-con
-May cause GI upset, take with food. monitor salt intake

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72
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Xarelto
*Factor Xa inhibitor
-Monitor for bleeding. Doses of 15 mg or more must be taken with food. Compliance extremely important, but do not take a double dose if a dose is missed. discontinue at least 24 hours before surgeries. drug interactions with CYP 3A4 substrates, but benefit outweighs cost in some cases

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73
Q

apixaban

A

Eliquis
*Factor Xa inhibitor
-Monitor for bleeding. 5 mg orally twice daily. A dose of 2.5 mg twice daily is recommended for patients at least 80 years old, who weigh no more than 60 kg, or have serum creatinine of at least 1.5 mg/dL, as well as those receiving strong dual inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 and P-glycoprotein. Boxed waring- increased risk of stroke if DC’d. Not indicated in patients with prosthetic heart valves

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74
Q

furosemide

A

Lasix
*loop diuretic
-May cause hypokalemia; monitor potassium levels and kidney function. Also watch salt intake. May be used as needed in congestive heart failure. Hypersensitivity reaction may occur in individuals with sulfa allergy. Lasix is short for “last six hours”

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75
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Lovenox
*Low molecular weight heparin
-Increased risk of bleeding. Counsel on injection technique. Often used when beginning warfarin to achieve goal INR more quickly. In community pharmacy, double-check to make sure proper package size and quantity are being dispensed/billed

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76
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate

A

Imdur, ISMO
*Nitroglycerin antianginal/ vasodilator
-Frequently causes dizziness and/or headache. Dosed twice daily, but must be taken “asymmetrically” to prevent tolerance; take second dose 8 hours after first dose rather than every 12 hours

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77
Q

Nitroglycerin SL

A

Nitrostat
*Nitroglycerin antianginal/ vasodilator
-Frequently causes dizziness and/or headache. If chest pain persist after first dose, take second dose in 5 minutes. Call 911 if symptoms persist after second dose. Store in original container

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78
Q

Topical Nitroglycerin

A

Nitro-Dur
*Nitroglycerin antianginal/ vasodilator
-Finish course as prescribed. Apply patch for 12 hours and remove for 12 hours for nitrate-free period

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79
Q

Diltiazem

A

Cardizem, Cardizem SR, Cardizem CD, Cardizem LA, Tiazac
*Non-dihydro CCB
-May cause drowsiness/dizziness or headache. Do not discontinue therapy without discussing with MD. Many formulations that may not be equivalent; double-check when dispensing generics

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80
Q

Verapamil

A

Calan, Calan SR, Isoptin SR
*Non-dihydro Calcium Channel blocker
-may cause drowsiness/ dizziness, headache, or constipation. Do not discontinue therapy without discussing with MD

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81
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Plavix
*Platelet inhibitor
-Monitor for bleeding. Compliance extremely important. CYP 2C19 inhibitors such as omeprazole and esomeprazole greatly decrease efficacy. Check with MD or RPh before starting new medications or taking OTC medications

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82
Q

Triamterene +HCTZ

A

Dyazide capsule or Maxzide tablets
*Potassium sparing + thiazide
-Take in the early morning, monitor renal function, potassium levels, and salt intake; not to be used if renal function impaired. Risk of kidney stones; drink plenty of fluids to reduce risk. Double check patient profile when dispensing generics; patients should remain on tablets or capsules unless MD changes

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83
Q

Spironolactone, Spir/HCTZ

A

Aldactone, Aldactizide
*potassium sparing
-take early in the morning. monitor renal function, potassium levels, and salt intake. may cause gynecomastia in males, menstrual irregularities in females (antiandrogenic properties) Evidence based data for heart failure, post MI, and resistant hypertension. Aldactazide may cause hypersensitivity reactions in individuals with sulfa allergy.

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84
Q

Indapamide

A

Lozol
*thiazide
-take in the early morning. monitor renal function, potassium levels, and salt intake; not to be used in severe renal impairment, but may be used in minimally impaired renal function. Hypersensitivity reaction may occur in individuals with sulfa allergy.

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85
Q

Chlorithalidone

A

Thalidone, Hygroton
*thiazide
–take in the early morning. monitor renal function, potassium levels, and salt intake; not to be used if renal function impaired. Hypersensitivity reaction may occur in individuals with sulfa allergy. Chlorithalidone is twice as potent as HCTZ

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86
Q

Hydrochlorithiazide

A

Oretic, Microzide
*thiazide
-Take in the early morning. Monitor renal function, potassium levels and salt intake. Hypersensitivity reactions may occur in individuals with sulfa allergy

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87
Q

Metolazone

A

Zaroxolyn
*thiazide
-take in the early morning. monitor renal function, electrolytes (potassium and magnesium) and salt intake. hypersensitivity reaction may occur in individuals with sulfa allergy. Often used in diuretic-resistant patient in combination with loop diuretics

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88
Q

Ondansetron

A

Zofran, Zofran ODT
*5-HT3 antagonist; antiemetic
-may cause headache, fatigue, dissolve ODT under the tongue, store in original container until ready to use. QT prolongation possible

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89
Q

Donepezil

A

Aricept
*acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-take in the evening. significant nausea, vomiting and diarrhea possible, as well as anorexia. May also cause bradycardia and fainting. Set realistic expectations for Alzheimer’s patients. Keep in mind positive statistical significance vs clinical significance

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90
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Exelon, Exelon Patch
*Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-Take capsule in the evening. rotate patch application sites. Significant nausea, vomiting and diarrhea possible, as well as anorexia. May also cause bradycardia and fainting. Set realistic expectations for Alzheimer’s patients

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91
Q

Butalbital + aspirin + caffeine (w or wo codeine)

A

Fiorinal, Fiorinal with codeine
*Analgesic combo for tension headache C-III
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness; avoid alcohol use during therapy. Caution against taking other products containing aspirin

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92
Q

Butalbital + acetaminophen + caffeine

A

Fioricet, Fioricet with codeine
*Analgesic combo for tension headaches, C-III
-May cause drowsiness or dizziness; avoid alcohol use during therapy. Do not exceed 4 g of APAP per day, 3g if frequent alcohol drinker, 2g if taking warfarin. New BBW with acetaminophen due to hepatotoxicity

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93
Q

Buspirone

A

Buspar
*Antianxiety- serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness, slow onset, mildly effective, little potential for abuse

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94
Q

Scopolamine

A

Transderm-Scop
*Anticholinergic
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness. wash your hands after application as touching your eyes after application may result in blurred vision (dilation)

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95
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Remeron
*antidepressants
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness, dry mouth, constipation and weight gain. do not discontinue abruptly. open from blister and dissolve on the tongue

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96
Q

Trazodone

A

Desyrel
*Antidepressant/ sleep aid
-may cause dizziness/drowsiness/orthostasis, priapism risk

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97
Q

Bupropion

A

Wellbutrin (SR) (XL) or Zyban
*Antidepressant/ smoking cessation aid
-Take XL tabs in the AM to avoid insomnia, do not crush or chew SR or XL tabs, do not take doses too close or exceeding maximum doses because of seizure risk. Potential side effects inc nervousness, constipation, trouble sleeping, dry mouth, tremor

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98
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Tegretol (XR)
Antiepileptic
-Take with food, may cause drowsiness, avoid alcohol. Serious and sometimes fatal dermatologic reactions (including Stevens-Jonson syndrome and toxic epideral necrolysis) have been reported especially in patients with the inherited allelic variant HLA-B1502. Genetically at risk patients (IE those from Asia) should be screened prior.

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99
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Lamictal
*Antiepileptic
-Report hypersensitivity/rash to MD, may cause drowsiness, do not operate heavy machine

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100
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Keppra
*Antiepileptic
-May cause dizziness/drowsiness, do not operate heavy machinery, do not abruptly discontinue therapy

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101
Q

Oxcarbazepine

A

Trileptal
*Antiepileptic
-May cause dizziness/drowsiness, do not operate heavy machinery or abruptly discontinue therapy

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102
Q

Phenytoin Sodium

A

Dilantin Kapseals
*Antiepileptic
-May cause dizziness/drowsiness, do not operate heavy machinery. Emphasize good oral hygiene to reduce risk of gingival hyperplasia.

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103
Q

Divalproex

A

Depakote (ER)
*Antiepileptic, mood stabilizer
-Do not abruptly discontinue therapy, avoid alcohol use, may cause drowsiness

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104
Q

phenobarbital

A

phenobarbital
*Antiepileptic/hypnotic; C-IV
May cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy

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105
Q

Topiramate

A

Topamax
*Antiepileptic/ migraine prophylactic
-May cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy. Confusion (“Dopamax”) and it is now FDA approved in combination with phentermine in extended release- Qsymia (C-IV)

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106
Q

Gabapentin

A

Neurontin
*Antiepileptic/ neuropathic analgesic
-May cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy. Edema, weight gain and confusion common, as well as generally need to titrate slowly to higher doses as this agent has dose related kinetics

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107
Q

Hydroxyzine hydrochloride

A

Atarax
*Antihistamine
-May cause anticholinergic side effects

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108
Q

Hydoxyzine pamoate

A

Vistaril
*Antihistamine/ antianxiety
-may cause anticholinergic side effects

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109
Q

Eletriptan

A

Relpax
*Antimigraine, 5-HT1 agonist
-Take at onset of migraine. If headache is relieved but returns after 1st dose, repeat in 2 hours. Do not exceed 2 doses or 80 mg in a 24 hours period. If 1st dose does not relieve symptoms, reevaluate condition. Ischemic cardiovascular events possible. Drug interactions with CYP 3A4 substrates and ergot derivatives

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110
Q

Rizatriptan

A

Maxalt, Maxalt MLT
*Antimigraine, 5-HT1 agonist
-Take at onset of migraine. If headache is relieved but returns after 1st dose, repeat in 2 hours. Do not exceed 2 doses or 80 mg in a 24 hours period. If 1st dose does not relieve symptoms, reevaluate condition. Ischemic cardiovascular events possible. Drug interactions with ergot derivatives. Dissolve tablets contain phenylalanine

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111
Q

Sumatriptan

A

Imitrx
*Antimigraine, 5-HT1 agonist
-Take at onset of migraine. If headache is relieved but returns after 1st dose, repeat in 2 hours. Do not exceed 2 doses or 80 mg in a 24 hours period. If 1st dose does not relieve symptoms, reevaluate condition. Ischemic cardiovascular events possible. Drug interactions with ergot derivatives. Available in oral tablet, injection kit and nasal spray

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112
Q

Benztropine

A

Cogentin
*Antiparkinson agent
-May take with food to decrease GI Symptoms. Potential anticholinergic side effectd

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113
Q

Levodopa/Carbidopa

A

Sinemet (CR)
*Antiparkinson Agent
-Avoid products containing B6 as they reduce the effectiveness of levodopa, may be taken with food/milk if GI upset occurs

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114
Q

Pramipexole

A

Mirapex
*antiparkinson agent
-Hallucinations may occur, report any changes in vision to MD, may cause drowsiness and even sleep attacks (falling asleep without warning)

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115
Q

Ropinirole

A

Requip
*antiparkinson/ restless leg agent
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy , orthostasis may occur. May also cause sleep attacks

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116
Q

Olanzapine

A

Zyprexa
*antipsychotic
-Initially may cause dizziness, use caution when operating heavy machinery due to drowsiness, may cause wt gain, DM and dyslipidemia

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117
Q

Quetiapine

A

Seroquel (XR)
*Antipsychotic
-Initially may cause dizziness, use caution when operating heavy machinery due to drowsiness

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118
Q

Risperdone

A

Risperdal
*Antipsychotic
-first dose may cause fainting, may impair judgment, avoid alcohol use

119
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Geodon
*Antipsychotic
-May cause arrhythmias, do not discontinue use abruptly, take with food

120
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Abilify
*Antipsychotic for bipolar, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder
-Avoid alcohol, D/I 3A4, QT prolongation, do not discontinue abruptly

121
Q

Meclizine

A

Antivert
*Antivertigo agent
-potential anticholinergic side effects

122
Q

Alprazolam

A

Xanax (XR)
Benzodiazepine Antianxiety, C-IV
-Do not exceed prescribed dose, do not take with alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, avoid abrupt discontinuation

123
Q

Clonazepam

A

Klonopin
*Benzo
-Do not exceed prescribed dose, do not take with alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery

124
Q

diazepam

A

Valium
*benzo
-Do not exceed prescribed dose, do not take with alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery

125
Q

Lorazepam

A

Ativan
*Benzo
-Do not exceed prescribed dose, do not take with alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery

126
Q

Temazepam

A

Restoril
*Benzo
-Do not exceed prescribed dose, do not take with alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery

127
Q

Phentermine

A

Adipex-P
*CNS stimulant - obesity management, C-IV
-Cardiovascular risk caution, take in the morning

128
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Concerta or Ritalin (ER) or Metadate CD
*CNS stimulant for ADD, C-II
-take as directed, don’t share your pills

129
Q

Atomoxetine

A

Strattera
*CNS stimulant, used for ADD
may impair cognitive & motor function, use caution when operating machinery, not a drug of abuse

130
Q

(Dex)/Amphetamine mixed salts

A

Adderall (XR)
*CNS stimulant, used for ADD; C-II
-take as directed, don’t share your pills

131
Q

Lisdexamfetamine

A

Vyvanse
*CNS stimulant, used for ADHD; C-II
-take as directed, don’t share your pills

132
Q

Modafinil

A

Provigil
*CNS stimulant, used for narcolepsy; C-IV
-Take in morning or 1 hour prior to work, avoid driving until deemed safe by MD

133
Q

Dexmethylphenidate

A

Focalin (XR)
*CNS stimulant; C-II
-Take as directed, don’t share your pills

134
Q

Zaleplon

A

Sonata
*hypnotic, nonbenzo; C-IV
-Take 30 mins prior to desired sleep, allocate at least 5 hours after dose to sleep (t1/2 ~1 hour)

135
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

Flexeril
*Muscle relaxant
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness and other anticholinergic side-effects, avoid alcohol use during therapy

136
Q

Metaxalone

A

Skelaxin
*Muscle relaxant
-Least drowsy muscle relaxant, requires frequent dosing

137
Q

Carisoprodol

A

Soma
*Muscle relaxant; C-IV
-drug of abuse, may be schedules in some state, caution for drowsiness

138
Q

Fentanyl

A

Duragesic
*Narcotic analgesic C_II
-Caution for respiratory depression, do not exceed prescribed dose. Avoid exposing patch on the skin to heat as it will increase the risk of toxicity, dispose of the used patch by folding over and flushing it, be careful when starting therapy and remember the patch is used for several days normally 72 hours but may see it unchanged every 48 hours in some patients. Caution in narcotic naive patients as it is 80-100 times more potent analgesic than morphine

139
Q

Morphine Sulfate

A

MS Contin
*Narcotic
-Risk of CNS and respiratory depression, avoid alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, constipation

140
Q

Oxycodone

A

Oxycontin
*Narcotic
-CNS depression, avoid alcohol, may cause drowsiness/ dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, constipation

141
Q

Oxycodone/APAP

A

Percocet or Roxicet
*Narcotic
-CNS depression, avoid alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, constipation . APAP combination dose will be reduced to no more than 325 mg per tablet. Consider the total daily dose of acetaminophen from all sources

142
Q

Acetaminophen/ codeine

A

Tylenol with codeine
*narcotic
-CNS depression, avoid alcohol, may cause drowsiness/ dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, constipation. Consider the total daily dose of acetaminophen from all sources

143
Q

Hydrocodone/ chlorpheniramine Polistirex

A

Tussionex
*Narcotic
-CNS depression, avoid alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, constipation, taking with food may decrease some GI upset, Max dose 5mls BID

144
Q

Hydrocodone/ibuprofen

A

Vicoprofen
*Narcotic
-CNS depression, avoid alcohol, may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, constipation, taking with food may decrease some GI upset

145
Q

Hydrocodone/APAP

A

Lortab or Vicodin or Lorect
*Narcotic
-CNS depression, avoid alcohol may cause drowsiness/dizziness, do not operate heavy machinery, avoid concomitant said drugs, constipation. Vicodin reformulated to contain only 300 mg of APAP per dose to avoid generic competition and to meet new FDA requirement

146
Q

Pregabalin

A

Lyrica
*Neuropathic analgesic
-may cause drowsiness, do not discontinue therapy abruptly. weight gain, edema and confusion are potential side-effects

147
Q

Varenicline tartrate

A

Chantix
*Nicotinic receptor agonist, smoking cessation
-Usually titrated upward. most effective smoking cessation agent to date ~44% at 12 weeks, also watch for nightmares and any changes in affect and/or behavior and report them to the prescriber. side effects may be dose related

148
Q

Memantine

A

Namenda
*NMDA receptor antagonist; anti-alzheimer’s agent
-Take in the evening, potential N&D, dizziness and agitation possible. Set realistic expectations. Keep in mind positive statistical significance vs clinical significance. Take without regard to food

149
Q

Enteric diclofenac sodium, diclofenac potassium (non-enteric coated formulation)

A

Voltaren, Cataflam
*NSAID
Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed, CV and renal risks. Enteric coated diclofenac sodium, slow onset not for PRN pain, greater risk of hepatotoxicity vs other NSAIDs, use the Cataflam-diclofenac potassium non-enteric coated formulation if for PRN use for pain

150
Q

Etodolac

A

Lodine (XL)
*NSAID
Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed, CV and renal risks

151
Q

Indomethacin

A

Indocin
*NSAID
-Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed. CV and renal risks. Most likely NSAID to cause headaches and CNS side effects

152
Q

Ketorolac Tromethamine

A

Toradol
*NSAID
-Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed. Very high risk of GI bleeding limits this drug to 5 days max of therapy. CV and renal risk s

153
Q

Meloxicam

A

Mobic
*NSAID
-Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed. CV and renal risks

154
Q

Nabumetone

A

Relafen
*NSAID
-Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed. CV and renal risks

155
Q

Naproxen and Naproxen sodium

A

Naprosyn, Anaprox/ Aleve
*NSAID
-Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed. CV and renal risks. Naproxen sodium Aleve/Anaprox fast onset sodium salt vs regular naproxen - Naprosyn which is slow onset and used for chronic Rx of OA and RA not acute pain relief

156
Q

Piroxicam

A

Feldene
*NSAID
-Take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed, CV and renal risks

157
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Motrin or Advil
*NSAID
-take with food, monitor for s/sx of GI bleed, CV and renal risks. Motrin at low doses (IE OTC it is analgesic and antipyretic) but if you need anti-inflammatory effects then you need higher doses 2400 to 3200 mg/day

158
Q

Celecoxib

A

Celebrex
*NSAID Cox-II selective
-Report s/sx of GI bleed, caution for CV risks like all NSAIDs, not safer for renal function but may be slightly safer for GI bleeding risks

159
Q

Diclofenac/ Misoprostol

A

Arthrotec
*NSAID / prostaglandin combo
-Take with food. Misoprostol may decrease GI bleeding risks. CV and renal risks. Avoid in pregnancy. Diarrhea may be a common side effect of the prostaglandin component

159
Q

Tramadol

A

Ultram, Ultram ER
*Opioid analgesic
-May cause drowsiness; avoid alcohol. Drug is scheduled in some states but not by the DEA. Some risk of dependence due to weak opioid receptor agonist activity. Drug also has some serotonin reuptake inhibitor properties; increased seizure risk, and drug interactions (especially with SSRIs, SNRIs, 5-HT1 agonists/triptans)

160
Q

Tramadol + acetaminophen

A

Ultracet
*Opioid analgesic combo
-May cause drowsiness; avoid alcohol. Drug is scheduled in some states but not by the DEA. Some risk of dependence due to weak opioid receptors agonist activity. Drug also has some serotonin syndrome, increased seizure risk, and drug interactions (especially with SSRIs, SNRIs, 5-HT1 agonists/ triptans) Do not exceed 4g of APAP per day, 3 g if frequent alcohol drinker, 2 g if taking warfarin. BBW with acetaminophen due to hepatotoxicity

161
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Tylenol
*Pain, antipyretic
-Limit total daily dose <4g, 3 g in elderly or frequent ETOH, 2 g if taking warfarin, consider the total daily dose of acetaminophen from all sources. BBW with acetaminophen due to hepatotoxicity and warning related to angioedema

162
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Lunesta
*sedative hypnotic
-Do not take with alcohol, take 30 min prior to bed. has long half life of ~6 hours and thus an increased risk of morning residual sedation ~40% of patients complain of a bitter taste the morning after, need to have at least 8 hours to sleep after a dose and all of these agents can cause complex sleep behaviors (walking, eating, driving) Do not put yourself in a position where impairment may lead to increased risk of an accident until you know how you respond to the medication

163
Q

Zolpidem

A

Ambien (CR)
*sedative hypnotic ; C-IV
-Do not take with alcohol, take 30 min prior to bed. Same issues as Lunesta. Lower dosing guidelines for wome

164
Q

Desvenlafaxine

A

Pristiq
*SNRI
-Avoid alcohol, do not discontinue abruptly, not added benefit over venlafaxine- recommend generic venlafaxine

165
Q

Duloxetine

A

Cymbalta
*SNRI
-Do not abruptly discontinue therapy. report any changes in affect and or behavior as psychiatric side effects including suicidal ideation is possible

166
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Effexor (XR)
*SNRI
-avoid alcohol, do not discontinue abruptly, monitor BP

167
Q

Citalopram

A

Celexa
*SSRI
-may cause drowsiness, do not discontinue therapy abruptly. avoid in patients with CV disease as it has been shown to increase QT interval

168
Q

Escitalopram

A

Lexapro
*SSRI
-may cause drowsiness, do not discontinue therapy abruptly

169
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Prozac or Sarafem
*SSRI
-May cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy- prozac longest half life SSRI, most activating SSRI AM dosing not PM and a major inhibitor of CYP 2D6

170
Q

Paroxetine

A

Paxil (CR)
*SSRI
-May cause drowsiness, do not discontinue therapy abruptly. Paxil most likely agent to cause discontinuation syndrome. Sedation, major CYP2D6. approved for hot flashes related to menopause

171
Q

Sertraline

A

Zoloft
*SSRI antidepressant
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy. Drug of choice for patients with CV disease and MDD

172
Q

Lidocaine

A

Lidoderm Patches
*topical analgesic
-do not apply to broken skin, do not leave patches on for more than 12 hours in a 24 hour period

173
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Elavil
*TCA
-may cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy. rarely used for depression and usually used in low doses for off label uses (headache, pain, neuropathy) as it is a side effect of this agent and it is not well tolerated secondary to anticholinergic effects, risk of overdose causing CV death and arrhythmias, caution for suicidal ideation

174
Q

Imipramine

A

Tofranil (PM)
*TCA
-May cause drowsiness or dizziness, avoid alcohol use during therapy. Also has significant anticholinergic effects and risk of overdose like Elavil

175
Q

Lithium Carbonate

A

Eskalith or Lithobid
*Mood stabilizer
-Do not exceed recommended doses, consume 2-3 quarts of water qday. monitor serum levels and watch out for drug interactions with thiazide diuretics which require a dosage reduction of lithium

176
Q

Adapalene

A

Differin
*Topical acne product
Acne may worsen before it improves; using more than recommended increases risk of skin reactions. Use as little product as can cover the face or affected areas with a thin film. Caution against sun exposure and recommended sunscreen

177
Q

Clindamycin/ Benzoyl Peroxide

A

Benzaclin
*Topical acne product
-may cause skin irritation, use a sparing amount. Topical acne products remind patients that their acne may get worse before it gets better and exceeding the recommended doses will increase the risk of severe adverse effects

178
Q

Erythromycin/ Benzoyl peroxide

A

Benzamycin
*Topical acne product
-May cause skin irritation, use a sparing amount. Topical acne products remind patients that their acne may get worse before it gets better and exceeding the recommended doses will increase the risk of severe adverse effects

179
Q

clobetasol

A

Clobex
*topical corticosteroid
-use a sparing amount, avoid application on face and around eyes

180
Q

Mometasone

A

Elocon
*topical corticosteroid
-use sparing amount, avoid application around eyes

181
Q

triamcinolone

A

Kenalog
*topical corticosteroid
-use a sparing amount, avoid application around eyes, available in ointment, cream and lotion

182
Q

pimecrolimus

A

Elidel
*topical skin product
BBW due to skin cancer risk

183
Q

Clotrimazole/ betamethasone diproprionate

A

Lotrisone
*topical antifungal/corticosteroid
-use sparing amount, avoid application

184
Q

Fluocinonide topical

A

Lidex, Lidez-E vanos
*Topical corticosteroid
-Use a sparing amount, avoid application on face and around eyes

185
Q

Finasteride

A

Propecia or Proscar
*5 alpha reductase inhibitor
-Pregnant women should not handle, will not regrow hair but will prevent additional hair loss, sexual dysfunction which may not be reversible in men, when used for BPH they are not rapidly effective and may take 6 plus months to shrink and enlarge prostate and produce a reduction in symptoms, probably best when used in combo with an alpha blocker to reduce symptoms and prevent or delay the need for surgical intervention

186
Q

isotretinoin

A

Accutane or Claravis
*acne treatment
-Must follow REMS system for isotrentinoin dispensing and counseling. teratogenic category X, adverse lipid effects especially increased TG and psychiatric effects and as with topical products acne may get worse before it gets better

187
Q

testosterone

A

Androgel
*androgen; C-III
-Use as directed to upper arm and shoulder and not to genitals. women and children should avoid contact with this medication; men with BPH may get worse

187
Q

Metformin

A

Glucophage (XR), Fortamet
*antidiabetic- biguanide
-GI upset, diarrhea and best titration to minimize symptoms, may lead to B12 deficiency related neuropathy

188
Q

Sitagliptin, Sit + Metformin

A

Januvia, Janumet (XR)
*Antidiabetic-dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor
-Take without regard to food, risk of pancreatitis

189
Q

Saxaglitptin

A

Onglyza
*antidiabetic- dipeptidyl peptiase IV inhibitor
-take without regard to food, risk of pancreatitis, concomitant use of CYP3A4 inh- use 2.5 mg instead of 5 mg QD

190
Q

glimepiride

A

Amaryl
*antidiabetic- sulfonylurea
-take with breakfast, avoid alcohol use, counsel on hypoglycemic risk

191
Q

glipizide

A

Glucotrol (XL)
*antidiabetic- sulfonylurea
-may cause hypoglycemia due to active metabolites

192
Q

glyburide, glyburide/metformin

A

Micronase, Glucovance
*antidiabetic- sulfonylurea
-take with breakfast, avoid alcohol use. has an active metabolite which is renally eliminated and thus increased sick of hypoglycemia and weight gain as patients age, may also increase CV events and no longer a recommended agent by ADA

193
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Actos
*antidiabetic - thiazolidinedione
-take without regard to meals, increased risk of fractures, macular edema, heart failure, weight gain and edema as well as bladder CA in men

194
Q

Exenatide, Exenatide weekly

A

Byetta, Bydureon
*Antidiabetic- glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist
-counsel on pen injection technique. nausea and vomiting tend to be dose related and transient start with 5 mcg daily dose and after a month increase to 10 mcg dose, watch for signs of pancreatitis and can be dosed 60 mins or less before meals twice a day

195
Q

liraglutide

A

victoza
*antidiabetic GLP1
-Counsel on pen injection technique. nausea and vomiting tend to be dose related and transient, watch for signs of pancreatitis. Box warning- risk of thyroid C-cell tumors

196
Q

alendronate

A

Fosamax
*Bisphosphonate Osteoporosis agent
-Take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, must sit or stand for 30 minutes following the dose. osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical fractures

197
Q

Ibandronate

A

Boniva
*Bisphosphonate Osteoporosis agent
-take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, must sit or stand for 60 minutes following the dose, osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical fractures

198
Q

Risedronate, delayed release enteric coated risedonate

A

Actonel, Atelvia
*Bisphosphonate Osteoporosis agent
-take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, must sit or stand for 30-60 minutes following the dose. Atelvia is enteric coated formulation which should be taken after breakfast but not available as generic, osteonecrosis of jaw and atypical fractures

199
Q

Estrogen/ methyltestosterone

A

Estratest (HS)
*Combination hormone
-CV, thromboembolic caution

200
Q

Estradiol/ norethindrone

A

Combipatch
*Estrogen and progestin combination
-stable at room temperature for 3 months

201
Q

conjugated estrogens

A

Premarin
*estrogen hormone
-may take with food to decrease GI symptoms

202
Q

Estradiol

A

Climara, Estrace
*Estrogen hormone
-CV, thromboembolic caution

203
Q

Raloxifene

A

Evista
*Estrogen receptor modulator, post-menopausal osteoporosis
-CV risk and thromboembolic BBWs, may increase TGs, myalgia. may cause worsen hot flashes

204
Q

Conjugated Estrogens with medroxyprogesterone

A

Prempro or Premphase
*Estrogen-progestin hormone combo
-increased risk of CV and DVT as well as dementia with long term therapy, report any abnormal vaginal bleeding

205
Q

Colchicine

A

Colcrys
*Gout- inflammatory mediator
-long term therapy requires blood work, no more than 3 tablets for an acute attack with similar efficacy to 8 tablets but with much less risk of GI toxicity

206
Q

Allopurinol

A

Zyloprim
*gout- xanthine oxidase inhibitor
-consume large amounts of fluids to prevent kidney stone formation. start with 100 mg QD after an acute gout attack has subsided and gradually increase the dose at no more than weekly interval to about 300 mg QD to reduce the risk of mobilization gout, may also add low dose colchicine 1-2 tabs per day for prevention of mobilization gout, D/C at first signs of a rash

207
Q

Febuxostat

A

Uloric
*gout- xanthine oxidase inhibitor
-same as allopurinol but may be safe in patients with a history of adverse skin reactions to allopurinol

208
Q

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

Provera
*Hormone/progestin
-may take with food to decrease GI symptoms, preg cat: X, may lead to uterine bleeding irregularities, long term use may decrease bone mineral density

209
Q

Insulin- regular

A

Humulin R
*Insulin fast acting
-injection technique, hypoglycemia, take 15-30 mins prior to meal

210
Q

Insulin- NPH

A

Humulin N
*Insulin intermediate acting
-counsel on injection technique and hypoglycemia

211
Q

Insulin detemir

A

Levemir
*Insulin- intermediate-long acting
-cannot be mixed with another insulin

212
Q

Insulin Glargine

A

Lantus
*insulin -long acting
-cannot be mixed with another insulin, may have an increase in injection site pain/rxn

213
Q

Insulin aspart

A

Novolog
*insulin- rapid acting
-take immediately before meals, counsel on injection technique and hypoglycemia

214
Q

Insulin lispro

A

Humalog
*Insulin- Rapid Acting
-Take immediately before meals, counsel on injection technique and hypoglycemia

215
Q

Insulin Glulisine

A

Apridra
*Insulin- rapid acting
-take immediately before meals, counsel on injection technique and hypoglycemia

216
Q

Ethinyl Estradiol/ drospirenone

A

Yasmin, Ocella, Yaz
*Oral contraceptive
-take everyday, counsel on missed dose protocol, caution with antibiotics, increased risk of VTEs especially in older women and those who smoke; risk of hyperkalemia

217
Q

Ethinyl estradiol/ desogestrel

A

Kariva, ortho-cept, Mircette, Desogen or Apri
*Oral contraceptive
-Take everyday, counsel on missed dose protocol, caution with antibiotics, increased risk VTEs especially in older women and those who smoke; risk of hyperkalemia

218
Q

Ethinyl estradiol / levonorgestrel

A

Aviane, Alesse
*oral contraceptive
-take everyday, counsel on missed dose protocol, caution with antibiotics. increased risk of VTEs especially in older women and those who smoke, risk of hyperkalemia

219
Q

Norethindrone/ Ethinyl Estradiol, Fe+

A

Loestrin FE
*oral contraceptive
-take at the same time everyday, counsel on missed dose protocol. caution with antibiotics, smoking

220
Q

norgestimate & ethinyl estradiol

A

TriNessa, Tri-Sprintec
*oral contraceptive

221
Q

Norgestimate/ ethinyl estradiol

A

Ortho Tri-Cyclen (Lo)
*oral contraceptive

222
Q

Insulin 70% NPH / 30% Regular

A

Novolin 70/30, Humulin 70/30
*Pre-mixed insulin
-injection technique and hypoglycemia. Intermediate:fast acting

223
Q

Insulin 70% protamine/ 30% rapid acting

A

Novalog Mix 70/30, Humalog mix 70/30
*Premixed insulin
-Intermediate: rapid acting

224
Q

medroxyprogesterone

A

Depa-Provera
*Progestin contraceptive
-may cause weight gain, pregnancy cat X, may lead to uterine bleeding irregularities, long term use may decrease bone mineral density

225
Q

Prednisone

A

Deltasone
*steroid anti-inflammatory
-take with food, may cause agitation, insomnia

226
Q

methylprednisolone

A

Medrol
*steroid anti-inflammatory/ allergy
-take with food, may cause agitation, insomnia

227
Q

Desiccated thyroid

A

Armour thyroid
*Thyroid Hormone
-Take on an empty stomach in the morning

228
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Synthroid or Levoxyl
*Thyroid hormone (synthetic T4)
-Take drug on an empty stomach in the morning with full glass of water at least 30 minutes prior to food ( not close to calcium) stay on specific brand or generic due to bioavailability issues, TSH monitoring adverse drug reactions early on often due to too high of dosing (med induced hyperthyroidism- heat intolerance and sweating, frequent bowel movements, restlessness, tachycardias, hair loss) Takes 4 weeks to reach new steady state levels and TSH may lag another 2-3 weeks

229
Q

Estradiol

A

Vivelle- Dot, Estraderm
*topical estrogen patch
-counsel on twice weekly patch application

230
Q

Ethinyl estradiol/ etonogestrel

A

NuvaRing
*Vaginal contraceptive
-Counsel on vaginal application, 3 weeks in, 1 week off

231
Q

Estradiol

A

Vagifem
*Vaginal estrogen
-counsel on vaginal tablet use with vagifem

232
Q

Dicyclomine

A

Bentyl
*Anticholinergic for cramping/ irritable bowel
-may cause dry mouth, dizziness. avoid alcohol use

233
Q

Hyoscyamine

A

Levsin/Levbid/Levsinex
*anticholinergic for cramping/ irritable bowel
-take before meals. may experience dizziness, blurred vision, constipation

234
Q

Loperamide

A

Imodium
*antidiarrheal
-may cause drowsiness, contact MD if diarrhea persists longer than 48 hours

235
Q

Diphenoxylate/ atropine

A

Lomotil
*Antidiarrheal; C-V
-Do not exceed prescribed dose, anticholinergic side effects possible

236
Q

Promethazine

A

Phenergan
*Antihistamine- N/V
-may cause anticholinergic side effects

237
Q

Lubiprostone

A

Amitiza
*Chloride Channel Activator
-Take with food to decrease nausea

237
Q

Famotidine

A

Pepcid
*H2 antihistamine
-Do not exceed 14 days of OTC therapy unless directed by MD, report severe abdominal pain/ discomfort to MD

238
Q

Orlistat

A

Xenical
*Fat absorption inhibitor
-caution regarding uncontrollable oily bowel movements, especially after high fat meal, patient should take supplemental fat soluble vitamins at least 2 hours prior to orlistat dose

239
Q

Ranitidine

A

Zantac
*H2 antihistamine
-Do not exceed 14 days of OTC therapy unless directed by MD, report severe abdominal pain/discomfort

240
Q

Polyethylene Glycol

A

Miralax, Glycolax
*laxative
-safe for daily use

241
Q

metoclopramide

A

Reglan
*Promotility -antiemetic
-take 30 minutes prior to meal, avoid use with alcohol, associated with extrapyramidal symptoms and depression, caution in elderly

242
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Nexium
*PPI
-Take 30-60 mins prior to a significant meal. pro-drug: need to be absorbed in that state and are activated within the parietal cell when the patient stimulates the to secrete acid by eating. They also have a short half life of 1-2 hours. Risk include C. diff, pneumonia, fractures and low serum magnesium levels in addition to b12 deficiency

243
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Prevacid
*PPI
-Take 30-60 mins prior to a significant meal. pro-drug: need to be absorbed in that state and are activated within the parietal cell when the patient stimulates the to secrete acid by eating. They also have a short half life of 1-2 hours. Risk include C. diff, pneumonia, fractures and low serum magnesium levels in addition to b12 deficiency

244
Q

Omeprazole

A

Prilosec
*PPI
- Take 30-60 mins prior to a significant meal. pro-drug: need to be absorbed in that state and are activated within the parietal cell when the patient stimulates the to secrete acid by eating. They also have a short half life of 1-2 hours. Risk include C. diff, pneumonia, fractures and low serum magnesium levels in addition to b12 deficiency

245
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Protonix
*PPI
-Take 30-60 mins prior to a significant meal. pro-drug: need to be absorbed in that state and are activated within the parietal cell when the patient stimulates the to secrete acid by eating. They also have a short half life of 1-2 hours. Risk include C. diff, pneumonia, fractures and low serum magnesium levels in addition to b12 deficiency

246
Q

Rabeprazole

A

Aciphex
*PPI
-Take 30-60 mins prior to a significant meal. pro-drug: need to be absorbed in that state and are activated within the parietal cell when the patient stimulates the to secrete acid by eating. They also have a short half life of 1-2 hours. Risk include C. diff, pneumonia, fractures and low serum magnesium levels in addition to b12 deficiency

247
Q

Omeprazole/ sodium bicarbonate

A

Zegerid
*PPI/ antacid combo
- Take 30-60 mins prior to a significant meal. pro-drug: need to be absorbed in that state and are activated within the parietal cell when the patient stimulates the to secrete acid by eating. They also have a short half life of 1-2 hours. Risk include C. diff, pneumonia, fractures and low serum magnesium levels in addition to b12 deficiency

248
Q

Dutasteride

A

Avodart
*BPH - 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
-Capsules should not be handled by women, takes time for shrinkage of prostate and symptom relief

249
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Flomax
*BPH - selective alpha blocker
-Take 30 minutes after the same meal every day. May cause dizziness

250
Q

Alfuzosin

A

Uroxatral
*BPH- selective alpha blocker
-Take prior to bedtime to avoid orthostatic hypotensive effects

251
Q

Vardenafil

A

Levitra
*Erectile dysfunction- vasodilator
-Report erections lasting longer than 4 hours to the ER, avoid nitroglycerin use

252
Q

sildenafil

A

Viagra
*Erectile dysfunction -vasodilator
-Report erections lasting longer than 4 hours to the ER, avoid nitroglycerin use

253
Q

Tadalafil

A

Cialis
*Erectile dysfunction - vasodilator
-Report erections lasting longer than 4 hours to the ER, avoid nitroglycerin use

254
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Ditropan (XL)
*Urinary incontinence- anticholinergic
*May cause dry mouth, dizziness. avoid alcohol use

255
Q

Tolterodine

A

Detrol (LA)
*Urinary incontinence - anticholinergic
- May cause dry mouth, dizziness. Avoid alcohol use.

256
Q

Darifenacin

A

Enablex
*Urinary incontinence- anticholinergic
-May cause dry mouth, dizziness. avoid alcohol use

257
Q

phenazopyridine

A

Pyridium
*Urinary Tract Analgesic
-urine will change to orange-red color, used for symptom relief only

258
Q

cholecalciferol

A

calcitriol
*vitamin D supplement
-take with food to decrease GI problems

259
Q

Brimonidine

A

Alphagan P
*Agent for Glaucoma
-Refer to eye-drop technique handout.

260
Q

Lantanaprost

A

Xalatan
*Agent for glaucoma
-Refer to eye-drop technique handout. Stable at room temperature for 6 weeks

261
Q

Timolol

A

Timoptic (XE)
*Agent for glaucoma
-Refer to eye-drop technique handout.

262
Q

Travoprost

A

Travatan
*Agent for glaucoma
-Refer to eye-drop technique handout

263
Q

Brimonidine/ Timolol

A

Combigan
*Alpha II agonist/ beta blocker/ antiglaucoma
-Refer to eye-drop technique handout

264
Q

Olopatadine

A

Pataday or Patanol
*Antiallergy
-Refer to eye-drop technique handout

265
Q

Tobramycin/ Dexamethasone

A

Tobradex
*Antibiotic/anti-inflammatory
-Refer to eye-drop technique handout

266
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Vigamox
*Antibiotic/ opthalmic
-refer to eye drop technique handout

267
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Restasis
*Calcineurin inhibitor
-Invert vial several times prior to use to create uniform emulsion. Used every 12 hours

268
Q

Dorzolamide/ timolol

A

Cosopt
*Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor/ beta blocker/ antiglaucoma

269
Q

gatifloxacin

A

Zymar
*Fluoroquinolone
-eye drop

270
Q

Bimatoprost

A

Lumigan
*prostaglandin analog for glaucoma treatment
-eye drop

271
Q

Neomycin/polymyxin/ hydrocortisone

A

Cortisporin Otic
*Otic antibiotic
-ear drop

272
Q

Ciprofloxacin/ dexamethasone, ciprofloxacin/ hydrocortisone

A

Ciprodex, Cipro HC
*Otic antibiotic/ corticosteroid
-ear drop

273
Q

Azelastine

A

Astelin
*Allergic Rhinitis - Topical H1 antagonist
-prime 4x upon assembly, 2x if left unused for 3 days or more

274
Q

Budesonide Nasal Spray

A

Rhinocort Aqua
*Allergic rhinitis- nasal steroid
-may cause taste distortion, effects seen after several days of therapy, may cause nasal irritation, bleeding

275
Q

Fluticasone

A

Flonase
*Allergic rhinitis- nasal steroid
-may cause taste distortion, effects seen after several days of therapy, may cause nasal irritation, bleeding

276
Q

Mometasone

A

Nasonex
*Allergic rhinitis- nasal steroid
-may cause taste distortion, effects seen after several days of therapy, may cause nasal irritation, bleeding

277
Q

Montelukast

A

Singulair
*Anti-asthmatic - leukotriene inhibitor
-Chewable tablet contains phenylalanine

278
Q

Albuterol

A

Proair HFA or Ventolin HFA or Proventil HFA
*Anti-asthmatic - short acting beta 2 agonist
-available in both MDI and nebulizer soln. Counsel on appropriate device use and prn rescue dosing. May also be use for prophylaxis for exercise-induce asthma. May cause jitteriness, nervousness, tachycardia and decrease effectiveness of beta blockers

278
Q

Budesonide inhalation suspension

A

Pulmicort Respules, Flexhaler
*Anti-asthmatic- steroid
- some effects seen after 2 days of therapy, max effect seen within 2 weeks, not for rescue

279
Q

Levalbuterol

A

Xopenex (HFA)
*Anti-asthmatic- short acting beta 2 agonist
-counsel on appropriate MDI use and prn rescue dosing

279
Q

Fluticasone/ salmeterol

A

Advair
*Anti-asthmatic -steroid / LA B2 agonist/ controller
- diskus; do not shake after activating, not for rescue

280
Q

Fluticasone

A

Flovent
*Antiasthmatic - steroid
-not for rescue

281
Q

Albuterol/ Ipratropium

A

Respimat or Duoneb
*Antiasthmatic / COPD combo, Bronchodilator/ anticholinergic

282
Q

Ipratropium Bromide

A

Atrovent
-Anticholinergic antibronchospasm and antisecretory

282
Q

Tiotropium

A

Spiriva HandiHaler
*Anticholinergic bronchodilator for COPD

283
Q

Cetirizine

A

Zyrtec
*Antihistamine 2nd generation H1
-may cause drowsiness, dizziness or dry mouth

284
Q

Desloratadine

A

Clarinex
*Antihistamine, 2nd generation H1
-may cause drowsiness, dizziness or dry mouth

285
Q

Loratidine

A

Caritin
*Antihistamine 2nd generation H1
-may cause drowsiness, dizziness or dry mouth

286
Q

Fexofenadine (PSE)

A

Allegra (D)
*Antihistamine 2nd generation H1 (+decongestant)
-may cause drowsiness, do not take with fruit juices. take D products in AM

287
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Mucinex (D, DM)
*expectorant (+/- decongestant, antitussive)
-take with a large glass of water, BID dosing, PSE may cause insomnia, PSE contraindicated in patients with CV risk, hypertension, DM drug interactions

288
Q

Guaifenesin & codeine

A

Cheratussin AC
*Expectorant/ Antitussive combo- CV
-take with water, codeine side effects possible

NAPLEX (6 decks)

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